Django ORM 练习题

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-29 15:23:28 发布

a457636876

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-29 15:23:28 发布

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分类专栏： Django

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a457636876/article/details/101709237

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代码目录结构

数据表

表 app01_author

id	name	age	phone	detail_id
1	格非	20	1890000000	1
2	迈克尔·汤普森	22	1310000000	2

表 app01_author2book

id	author_id	book_id
1	1	1
2	2	2

表 app01_authordetail

id	hobby	addr
1	踢毽子	北京
2	看书	上海
3	逛街	广州

表 app01_book

id	title	publish_date	price	publisher_id
1	沙河异闻录	2019-09-29	100.00	1
2	养育男孩	2019-09-03	80.00	2
3	沙河三部曲	2018-10-24	70.00	2

表 app01_publisher

id	name	city
1	北京十月文艺出版社	北京
2	中信出版社	北京

表 django_migrations

id	app	name	applied
1	app01	0001_initial	2019-09-29 07:49:04.899704

./test_django.py

import os


def main():
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'djago_study.settings')
    import django
    django.setup()

    from app01 import models
    ret = models.Book.objects.filter(title__contains="沙河")
    print("查找包含沙河的书", ret)
    ret = models.Book.objects.filter(publish_date__year=2018)
    print("查找出版日期2018的书", ret)
    ret = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=10)
    print("查找价格大于10的书", ret)
    ret = models.Publisher.objects.filter(city__contains="北京")
    print("查找在北京的出版社", ret)

    ret = models.Book.objects.all().values_list("publisher__name")
    print("查所有书关联的出版社", ret, "去重后的结果集", ret.distinct())  # distinct 去重

    ret = models.Book.objects.all().order_by("price").reverse()
    print("讲所有书，按照价格排序 方法一", ret)
    ret = models.Book.objects.all().order_by("-price").reverse()
    print("讲所有书，按照价格排序 方法二", ret)  # - 负号表示倒序

    ret = models.Book.objects.filter(title="沙河异闻录").values("publisher__city")
    print("查找书籍沙河异闻录出版社的所在的城市", ret)

    ret = models.Book.objects.filter(title="沙河异闻录").values("author__detail__hobby")
    print("查找书籍是沙河异闻录作者的爱好", ret)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

./app01/models.py

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


# 出版社
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 书
class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    # 创建外键，关联publish
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return "书名 {} 价格 {}".format(self.title, self.price)


# 作者
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    phone = models.IntegerField()
    # 通过through指定第三张表
    # through_fields指定表字段
    books = models.ManyToManyField(to="Book", through="Author2Book", through_fields=("author", "book"))

    detail = models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 自己动手 创建作者和书关联的第三张表
# 此时 在ORM层面
class Author2Book(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    # 作者id
    author = models.ForeignKey(to="Author", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 书id
    book = models.ForeignKey(to="Book", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        # 建立唯一约束, 保证不可重复
        unique_together = ("author", "book")


# 作者详情
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    # 爱好
    hobby = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 地址
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=128)