本篇内容
- 创建程序
- 程序目录
- 流程介绍
- login实例
一、创建程序
命令行: django-admin startproject sitename。
常用命令:
python manage.py runserver # 启动程序
python manage.py startapp appname # 新建一个项目
python manage.py syncdb
python manage.py makemigrations # 把数据库类转换为原生SQL语句
python manage.py migrate # 执行SQL语句
二、程序目录
manage.py # 命令文件
templates # 存放静态文件的目录
urls.py # URL引导
settings.py # 主配置文件
models.py # 创建数据库文件
views.py # 主程序文件
admin.py # 后台管理文件
三、流程介绍
MVC是众所周知的模式,即:将应用程序分解成三个组成部分:model(模型),view(视图),和 controller(控制 器)。其中:
M 管理应用程序的状态(通常存储到数据库中),并约束改变状态的行为(或者叫做“业务规则”)。
C 接受外部用户的操作,根据操作访问模型获取数据,并调用“视图”显示这些数据。控制器是将“模型”和“视图”隔离,并成为二者之间的联系纽带。
V 负责把数据格式化后呈现给用户。
Django也是一个MVC框架。但是在Django中,控制器接受用户输入的部分由框架自行处理,所以 Django 里更关注的是模型(Model)、模板(Template)和视图(Views),称为 MTV模式:
M 代表模型(Model),即数据存取层。 该层处理与数据相关的所有事务: 如何存取、如何验证有效性、包含哪些行为以及数据之间的关系等。
T 代表模板(Template),即表现层。 该层处理与表现相关的决定: 如何在页面或其他类型文档中进行显示。
V 代表视图(View),即业务逻辑层。 该层包含存取模型及调取恰当模板的相关逻辑。 你可以把它看作模型与模板之间的桥梁。
四、login实例
setting.py
"""
Django settings for untitled project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'uh2=k)l9z4!i1yvyp0a*f_&x(zcby&y^6s0dt41olgpj+n_mxo'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'untitled.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'untitled.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
urls.py
"""untitled URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^valide/', views.valide),
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
def login(request):
return render(request, "app01/login.html")
def valide(request):
username = request.POST.get("user")
passwrod = request.POST.get("pwd")
if username == "xiaolan" and passwrod == "123456":
return HttpResponse("验证成功")
else:
return redirect("/login/")
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>登录页面</h3>
<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/valide/" method="post">
<p>用户名:<input type="text" name="user"></p>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>