Android中, 每个应用程序都可以有自己的进程. 在写UI应用的时候, 经常要用到Service. 在不同的进程中, 怎样传递对象呢?
如果必须进行跨进程之间的数据传递,那么我们就应该使用AIDL(Android Interface Definition Language)。
直接看代码:
服务端:
定义一个*.aidl文件,该文件里是符合aidl语言规范的接口定义,里面定义了外部应用可以访问的方法。当我们保存该文件的时候,eclipse会自动为我们在gen文件夹下生成一个相应的java接口文件。这里实现的服务端只做了一些数据封装,供客户端来调用.
工程图如下:
IPet.aidl
package org.crazyit.service;
import org.crazyit.service.Pet;
import org.crazyit.service.Person;
interface IPet
{
// 定义一个Person对象作为传入参数
List<Pet> getPets(in Person owner);
}
//定义parcelable的person类
Person.aidlparcelable Person;
//定义parcelable的Pet类
Pet.aidl
<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="font-size:18px;">parcelable Pet; </span>
aidl携带对象型数据时,类要实现parcelable
Person.java
package org.crazyit.service;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
public class Person implements Parcelable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String pass;
public Person() {
}
public Person(Integer id, String name, String pass) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pass = pass;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPass() {
return pass;
}
public void setPass(String pass) {
this.pass = pass;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
result = prime * result + ((pass == null) ? 0 : pass.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Person other = (Person) obj;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
if (pass == null) {
if (other.pass != null)
return false;
} else if (!pass.equals(other.pass))
return false;
return true;
}
// 实现Parcelable接口必须实现的方法
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
// 实现Parcelable接口必须实现的方法
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
// 把该对象所包含的数据写到Parcel
dest.writeInt(id);
dest.writeString(name);
dest.writeString(pass);
}
// 添加一个静态成员,名为CREATOR,该对象实现了Parcelable.Creator接口
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Person>() {
@Override
public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
// 从Parcel中读取数据,返回Person对象
return new Person(source.readInt(), source.readString(),
source.readString());
}
@Override
public Person[] newArray(int size) {
return new Person[size];
}
};
}
Pet.java
package org.crazyit.service;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
public class Pet implements Parcelable {
private String name;
private double weight;
public Pet() {
}
public Pet(String name, double weight) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see android.os.Parcelable#writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int)
*/
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
// 把该对象所包含的数据写到Parcel
dest.writeString(name);
dest.writeDouble(weight);
}
// 添加一个静态成员,名为CREATOR,该对象实现了Parcelable.Creator接口
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Pet> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Pet>() {
@Override
public Pet createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
// 从Parcel中读取数据,返回Person对象
return new Pet(source.readString(), source.readDouble());
}
@Override
public Pet[] newArray(int size) {
return new Pet[size];
}
};
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pet [name=" + name + ", weight=" + weight + "]";
}
}
Service:(实现数据封装)
package org.crazyit.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.crazyit.service.IPet.Stub;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class ComplexService extends Service {
private PetBinder petBinder;
private static Map<Person, List<Pet>> pets = new HashMap<Person, List<Pet>>();
static {
// 初始化pets Map集合
ArrayList<Pet> list1 = new ArrayList<Pet>();
list1.add(new Pet("旺财", 4.3));
list1.add(new Pet("来福", 5.1));
pets.put(new Person(1, "sun", "sun"), list1);
ArrayList<Pet> list2 = new ArrayList<Pet>();
list2.add(new Pet("kitty", 2.3));
list2.add(new Pet("garfield", 3.1));
pets.put(new Person(2, "bai", "bai"), list2);
ArrayList<Pet> list3 = new ArrayList<Pet>();
list3.add(new Pet("kitty", 2.3));
list3.add(new Pet("garfield", 3.1));
pets.put(new Person(3, "java", "java"), list3);
}
// 继承Stub,也就是实现额IPet接口,并实现了IBinder接口
public class PetBinder extends Stub {
@Override
public List<Pet> getPets(Person owner) throws RemoteException {
// 返回Service内部的数据
return pets.get(owner);
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
petBinder = new PetBinder();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
/*
* 返回catBinder对象 在绑定本地Service的情况下,该catBinder对象会直接
* 传给客户端的ServiceConnection对象 的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数;
* 在绑定远程Service的情况下,只将catBinder对象的代理 传给客户端的ServiceConnection对象
* 的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数;
*/
return petBinder;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
}
}
最后在AndroidManifest.xml注册服务,定义</span></span>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="org.crazyit.aidl.action.COMPLEX_SERVICE" />
</intent-filter>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">这个action要与客户端的一致。</span>
客户端:
直接把服务端的整个包拷贝过来,除了ComplexService不需要。
工程图如下:
<pre name="code" class="java">package org.crazyit.client;
import java.util.List;
import org.crazyit.service.IPet;
import org.crazyit.service.Person;
import org.crazyit.service.Pet;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class ComplexClient extends Activity {
private IPet petService;
private Button get;
EditText personView;
ListView showView;
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
// 获取远程Service的onBind方法返回的对象的代理
petService = IPet.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
petService = null;
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
personView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.person);
showView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.show);
get = (Button) findViewById(R.id.get);
// 创建所需绑定服务的Intent
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("org.crazyit.aidl.action.COMPLEX_SERVICE");
// 绑定远程服务
bindService(intent, conn, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
try {
String personName = personView.getText().toString();
// 调用远程Service的方法
List<Pet> pets = petService.getPets(new Person(1,
personName, personName));
// 将程序返回的List包装成ArrayAdapter
ArrayAdapter<Pet> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<Pet>(
ComplexClient.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, pets);
showView.setAdapter(adapter);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// 解除绑定
this.unbindService(conn);
}
}
程序最后运行效果:
OK! 搞定!
</pre><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(54, 46, 43);"><span style="font-size:18px; line-height:26px"><br /><br /><br /></span></span><pre>
</pre><pre>