iOS 多线程

iOS 多线程开发实现方式:

1. NSThread

2. NSOperation

3.GCD

---

1.NSThread, 轻量级多线程,需要自己管理声明周期

• 创建线程方法

// 1.Block方法创建 (iOS 10 之后可以使用)
+ (void)detachNewThreadWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block; 

// 2.直接将操作添加到新线程中并执行，该方法无法拿到线程对象
// @param selector 方法名
// @param target 调用对象
// @param argument 参数
+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)selector toTarget:(id)target withObject:(nullable id)argument;

// 3.创建线程对象，初始化线程任务，调用start方法启动线程
// @param target 调用对象
// @selector 方法名
// @param argument 参数
- (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(nullable id)argument;


// eg:
// 1. block 创建
[NSThread detachNewThreadWithBlock:^{
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i ++) {
        KLog(@"%d", i);
    }
}];

// 2. 直接将操作添加到新线程中并执行
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(_threadSelector) toTarget:self withObject:nil];

- (void)_threadSelector {
    KLogFunc;
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i ++) {
        KLog(@"----------------%d", i);
    }
}

// 3.创建线程对象，初始化线程任务, 调用start方法启动线程
NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(_threadSelector) object:nil];

- (void)_threadSelector {
    KLogFunc;
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i ++) {
        KLog(@"----------------%d", i);
    }
}

• 线程操作

// 线程休眠
+ (void)sleepUntilDate:(NSDate *)date;// 让当前线程休眠到某个时间
+ (void)sleepForTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)time; // 让当前线程休眠多少秒
// 终止线程
+ (void)exit;
// 停止线程, 不会立即停止
- (void)cancel;

• 线程间通信

// 1.在后台执行一个操作
- (void)performSelectorInBackground:(SEL)selector withObject:(id)arg;

// 2.在指定的线程执行一个方法,需要创建线程对象
- (void)performSelector:(SEL)selector onThread:(NSThread *)thread withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;

// 3.在主线程执行一个操作
- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)selector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;

// eg:
#pragma mark - 添加响应方法触发创建子线程并加载数据
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    // 创建子线程
    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(loadImage) withObject:nil];
}

- (void)loadImage
{
　　 NSLog(@"当前线程：%@", [NSThread currentThread]);  
　　 NSLog(@"主线程：%@", [NSThread mainThread]);

    NSString *urlStr = @"https://ss0.bdstatic.com/94oJfD_bAAcT8t7mm9GUKT-xh_/timg?image&quality=100&size=b4000_4000&sec=1463455875&di=ef2da3f0fe711b471966aa1511483d0b&src=http://img4.duitang.com/uploads/item/201308/20/20130820094450_rsmYi.jpeg";
    
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
    
    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    
    self.imageData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
    
    // 返回主线程，刷新UI
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(reloadImageView) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];
}

- (void)reloadImageView
{
    // 进入主线程一般进行来安全判断
    if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {
        // 刷新UI
        UIImage *showIamge = [UIImage imageWithData:self.imageData];
        
        self.showImageView.image = showIamge;
    }
}

NSOperation, NSOperationQueue 是苹果提供的一套多线程解决方案,基于GCD封装,完全面向对象

NSOperaion 是对任务的封装,封装好的任务交给NSOperationQueue进行串行队列和并行队列执行.这里的任务就是NSOperation类的一个方法,main方法或start方法,在NSOperation类中这两个方法是空实现,自定义NSOperation时需要重写.OC提供了子类(NSBlockOperation 和 NSInvocationOperation)实现多线程

// 创建NSInvocationOperation
NSInvocationOperation *operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(_operation) object:nil];
// 创建线程队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
// 设置最大并发线程数
queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 4;
// 添加到线程队列后,队列中的线程就会开始执行
[queue addOperation:operation];

- (void)_operation {
    for (int i = 0; i < 200000; i ++) {
        KLog(@"%d", i);
    }
}

// 创建NSBlockOperation
NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i ++) {
        KLog(@"%d", i);
    }
}];
[[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] addOperation:operation];

线程间依赖

// NSOperationQueue 可以控制线程之间的依赖关系.
- (void)test {
    // 创建线程队列
    NSOperationQueue *operaQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    // 最大并发数
    operaQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 5;
    NSBlockOperation *lastBlockOperation = [NSBlockOperation         blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"-----");
    }];
    
    // 创建多个线程
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
        NSBlockOperation *blockOperation = [NSBlockOperation             blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"-----");
        }];
        // 设置依赖操作
        [blockOperation addDependency:lastBlockOperation];
        [operationQueue addOperation:blockOperation];
    }
    [operationQueue addOperation:lastBlockOperation];
}

未完结