pyqt基本操作

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

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import  sys from  PyQt4  import   QtCore, QtGui class  MyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):      def  __init__(  self  ):          QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(  self  )          self .setWindowTitle(  "PyQt"  )          self .resize(  300 ,  200  ) app  =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) mywindow  =  MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

 运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

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#coding=utf-8 #标签的使用 import  sys from  PyQt4  import  QtCore, QtGui class  Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):      def  __init__(  self  ):          super ( Window,  self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle(  "hello"  )          self .resize(  200 ,  300  )          #添加标签          label  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "label"  )          label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )          self .setCentralWidget( label ) app  =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo  =  Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 效果如下：

基本布局：

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#coding=gbk import  sys from  PyQt4  import  QtCore, QtGui class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__(  self  ):          super ( Window,  self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle(  "hello"  )          self .resize(  500 ,  500  )                    hBoxLayout1  =  QtGui.QHBoxLayout()                    label1  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "Label1"  )          label2  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "Label2"  )          label3  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "Label3"  )          label4  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "Label4"  )          label5  =  QtGui.QLabel(  "Label5"  )          #---------添加表格布局          gridLayout  =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                     gridLayout.addWidget( label1 ,  0 ,  0  )          gridLayout.addWidget( label2 ,  0 ,  1  )          gridLayout.addWidget( label3 ,  0 ,  2  )          gridLayout.addWidget( label4 ,  1 ,  0  )          gridLayout.addWidget( label5 ,  1 ,  1  )                     self .setLayout( gridLayout )        #-------添加水平布局 #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 ) #        #        self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )   #---------添加垂直布局 #        vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout() #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 ) #        #        self.setLayout( vBoxLayout ) #            app  =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo  =  Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 效果：

按钮基本使用

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#coding=utf-8 #按钮操作   import  sys from  PyQt4  import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__(  self  ):          super ( Window,  self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle(  "hello"  )          self .resize(  500 ,  500  )          gridlayout  =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                    button1  =  QtGui.QPushButton(  "button1"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( button1,  0 ,  0 ,  1 ,  3  )                    button2  =  QtGui.QPushButton(  "button2"  )          button2.setFlat(  True  )          gridlayout.addWidget( button2,  1 ,  1 ,  1 ,  3  )          self .setLayout( gridlayout ) app  =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo  =  Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

#coding=utf-8 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 500 , 500  )                    gridlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                    str  =  "hello"   #这里中文乱码，纠结          label =  QtGui.QLabel( str  )          label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )                    textFile =  QtGui.QLineEdit()          gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0 , 0  )          gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )                    passwordFile =  QtGui.QLineEdit()          passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )          gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )                    textArea =  QtGui.QTextEdit()          textArea.setText( "asdasda"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )                              self .setLayout( gridlayout ) app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) window =  Window() window.show() app.exec_()

 

单选和复选框

import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 500 , 500  )          hboxlayout =  QtGui.QHBoxLayout()                    self .radio1 =  QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio1"  )          self .radio2 =  QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio2"  )          self .radio3 =  QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio3"  )          self .radio1.setChecked( True  )                    hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio1 )          hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio2 )          hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio3 )                    checkbox1 =  QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox1"  )          checkbox2 =  QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox2"  )          checkbox3 =  QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox3"  )          checkbox1.setChecked( True  )                    hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )          hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )          hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )            self .button =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Ok"  )          hboxlayout.addWidget( self .button )                    self .connect( self .button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButton )                    self .setLayout( hboxlayout )      def  OnButton( self  ):          if  self .radio2.isChecked():              self .radio2.setText( "haha"  )           app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win =  Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在看看菜单：

#coding=utf-8 #菜单事件 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 500 , 500  )                                        menubar =  self .menuBar()          self . file  =  menubar.addMenu( '&File'  )          open  =  self . file .addAction( 'Open'  )          self .connect( open , QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'  ), self .OnOpen )                    save =  self . file .addAction( 'Save'  )          self .connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'  ), self .OnSave )          self . file .addSeparator()          close =  self . file .addAction( "Close"  )          self .connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'  ), self .OnClose )                    self .label =  QtGui.QLabel( "this is a  google test"  )          self .label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )          self .setCentralWidget( self .label )                def  OnOpen( self  ):          self .label.setText( "open"  )      def  OnSave( self  ):          self .label.setText( "save"  )      def  OnClose( self  ):          self .close()      def  contextMenuEvent( self , event ):         self . file .exec_( event.globalPos() ) app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win =  Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

#coding=utf-8 #对话框 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 500 , 500  )                    gridlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                    self .AboutButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "About"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .AboutButton, 0 , 0  )          self .AboutQtButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "AboutQt"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .AboutQtButton, 0 , 1  )          self .CriticalButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "CriticalButton"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .CriticalButton, 1 , 0  )          self .InfoButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Info"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .InfoButton, 1 , 1  )          self .QuestionButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Question"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .QuestionButton, 2 , 0  )          self .WarningButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Warning"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .WarningButton, 2 , 1  )                    spacer =  QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200 , 80  )          gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3 , 1 , 1 , 5  )          self .setLayout( gridlayout )                    self .connect( self .AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnAboutButton )          self .connect( self .AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnAboutQtButton )          self .connect( self .CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnCriticalButton )          self .connect( self .InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnInfoButton )          self .connect( self .QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnQuestionButton )          self .connect( self .WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnWarningButton )                def  OnAboutButton( self  ):          QtGui.QMessageBox.about( self , 'PyQt' , "About"  )                def  OnAboutQtButton( self  ):          QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt( self , "PyQt"  )                def  OnCriticalButton( self  ):          r =  QtGui.QMessageBox.critical( self , "PyQT" , "CriticalButton" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,                                     QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )          if  r = =  QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:              self .setWindowTitle( "Abort"  )          elif  r = =  QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:              self .setWindowTitle( "Retry"  )          elif  r = =  QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:              self .setWindowTitle( "Ignore"  )          else :              pass                def  OnInfoButton( self  ):          QtGui.QMessageBox.information( self , "Pyqt" , "information"  )                def  OnQuestionButton( self  ):          r =  QtGui.QMessageBox.question( self , "PyQt" , "Question" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )                def  OnWarningButton( self  ):          r =  QtGui.QMessageBox.warning( self , "PyQT" , "warning" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )                 app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win =  Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

#coding=utf-8 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 500 , 500  )                    gridlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                    self .button1 =  QtGui.QPushButton( "File"  )          self .button2 =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Font"  )          self .button3 =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Color"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .button1 )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .button2 )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .button3 )          spacer =  QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200 , 80  )          gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3 , 1 , 1 , 3  )          self .setLayout( gridlayout )                    self .connect( self .button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButton1 )          self .connect( self .button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButton2 )          self .connect( self .button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButton3 )                          def  OnButton1( self  ):          fileName =  QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName( self , 'Open'  )          if  not  fileName.isEmpty():              self .setWindowTitle( fileName )                   def  OnButton2( self  ):          font, ok =  QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()          if  ok:              self .setWindowTitle( font.key() )            def  OnButton3( self  ):          color =  QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()          if  color.isValid():              self .setWindowTitle( color.name() )           app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win =  Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在还是对话框：

#coding=utf-8 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore   class  MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( MyDialog, self  ).__init__()                    self .setWindowTitle( "Dialog"  )          self .gridlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()                    self .label =  QtGui.QLabel( "Please Input:"  )          self .textField =  QtGui.QLineEdit()          self .okButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "OK"  )          self .cancalButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Cancel"  )                    self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .label , 0 , 0  )          self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .textField , 0 , 1  )          self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .cancalButton , 0 , 2  )          self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .okButton , 0 , 3  )                    self .connect( self .okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnOk )          self .connect( self .cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnCancel )                    self .setLayout( self .gridlayout )                def  OnOk( self  ):          self .text =  self .textField.text()          self .done( 1  )      def  OnCancel( self  ):          self .done( 0  )             class  Window( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( Window, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 400 , 300  )                    hboxlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()          self .creatDialogButton =  QtGui.QPushButton( "Create a new Dialog"  )          hboxlayout.addWidget( self .creatDialogButton )          self .setLayout( hboxlayout )                    self .connect( self .creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButton )                def  OnButton( self  ):          dialog =  MyDialog()          r =  dialog.exec_()          if  r:              self .creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )                     app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win =  Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

#coding=utf-8 import  sys from  PyQt4 import  QtGui, QtCore, uic   class  MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( MyDialog, self  ).__init__()          uic.loadUi( "res.ui" , self  )   class  MyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):      def  __init__( self  ):          super ( MyWindow, self  ).__init__()          self .setWindowTitle( "hello"  )          self .resize( 300 , 200  )                    gridlayout =  QtGui.QGridLayout()          self .button =  QtGui.QPushButton( "CreateDialog"  )          gridlayout.addWidget( self .button )          self .setLayout( gridlayout )                    self .connect( self .button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'  ), self .OnButtoN )                def  OnButtoN( self  ):          dialog =  MyDialog()          r =  dialog.exec_();          if  r:              self .button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )           app =  QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo =  MyWindow() demo.show() app.exec_()