【MySQL】数据库命令练习题及答案

mysql数据库命令练习题及答案

1、查询emp中最高薪水人的名字

2、查询每个部门中的最高薪水人的名字和所在的部门编号

3、查询薪水在平均薪水之上的雇员的名字

4、查询雇员的名字和所在部门的名字

5、查询薪水在在本部门平均薪水之上的雇员的名字

6、查询每个员工的薪水的等级,员工的姓名

7、查询每个部门的平均薪水的等级,部门的编号

8、查询雇员的名字，所在部门的名字，工资的等级

9、查询雇员的名字和其经理的名字

10、查询雇员中是经理人的名字

11、查询平均薪水最高的部门的编号和名称

12、查询薪水最高的前5名雇员编号，名称，薪水

13、查询薪水最高的第6名到第10名雇员编号，名称，薪水

14、查询部门的名字和部门的人数(如果部门里没有人数，显示0个)

15、查询员工的编号，工资和所在部门的平均工资

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三个表的结构介绍：

三个表的创建语句：

/********************************部门表dept********************************/
/*创建表*/
DROP TABLE  IF EXISTS DEPT;  
CREATE TABLE DEPT(
    DEPTNO INT PRIMARY KEY,  
    DNAME VARCHAR(14) ,  
    LOC VARCHAR(13) 
);
/*插入数据*/
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES  
(10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK'),  
(20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS'), 
(30,'SALES','CHICAGO'),
(40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');  
/*查询数据*/
SELECT * FROM DEPT;

/********************************员工表emp********************************/
/*创建表*/
DROP TABLE  IF EXISTS EMP;  
CREATE TABLE EMP(
    EMPNO INT PRIMARY KEY,  
    ENAME VARCHAR(14) ,  
    JOB VARCHAR(9),  
  MGR INT,  
  HIREDATE DATE,  
  SAL DECIMAL(7,2),  
  COMM DECIMAL(7,2),  
  DEPTNO int REFERENCES DEPT 
);

/*插入数据*/
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES  
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20),  
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-2-20',1600,300,30), 
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-2-22',1250,500,30),
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-4-2',2975,NULL,20),
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-9-28',1250,1400,30),
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-5-1',2850,NULL,30),
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-6-9',2450,NULL,10),
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-7-13',3000,NULL,20),
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10),
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-9-8',1500,0,30),
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-7-13',1100,NULL,20),
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-3',950,NULL,30),
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-3',3000,NULL,20),
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-1-23',1300,NULL,10);  
/*查询数据*/
SELECT * FROM EMP;

/********************************工资等级表salgrade********************************/
/*创建表*/
DROP TABLE  IF EXISTS SALGRADE;  
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE(
    GRADE INT PRIMARY KEY,  
  LOSAL INT,  
  HISAL INT 
);  
/*插入数据*/
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES 
(1,700,1200), 
(2,1201,1400), 
(3,1401,2000),  
(4,2001,3000),  
(5,3001,9999);  
 /*查询数据*/
SELECT * FROM SALGRADE;
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667

答案：

/*1、查询emp中最高薪水人的名字*/

    #1、查询最高的薪水
    select max(sal) from EMP;

    #2、将1作为条件
    select 
        ename 
    from 
        EMP
    where 
        sal = (select max(sal) from EMP);
123456789101112
/*2、查询每个部门中的最高薪水人的名字和所在的部门编号*/
    #1、各个部门的最高薪水
    select 
        max(sal),deptno from EMP
    group 
        by deptno;

    #2、将1的结果作为一个新的表，联表查询
    select 
        t1.ename,t1.deptno
    from 
        EMP t1
    inner join 
        (select max(sal) max_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2
    on 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno and sal = t2.max_sal;
12345678910111213141516
/*3、查询薪水在平均薪水之上的雇员的名字*/
    select ename from EMP where sal >(select avg(sal) from EMP);
12
/*4、查询雇员的名字和所在部门的名字*/
    select 
        t1.ename,t2.dname
    from 
        EMP t1,DEPT t2
    where 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno;
1234567
/*5、查询薪水在在本部门平均薪水之上的雇员的名字*/
    select 
        t1.ename,t1.deptno
    from 
        EMP t1
    inner join 
        (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2
    on t1.deptno = t2.deptno and sal > t2.avg_sal;
12345678
/*6、查询每个员工的薪水的等级,员工的姓名*/
    select * from EMP;
    select * from SALGRADE;

    select t1.ename,t2.grade
    from EMP t1,SALGRADE t2
    where t1.sal between t2.losal and t2.hisal;
1234567
/*7、查询每个部门的平均薪水的等级,部门的编号*/
    #1、各个部门的平均薪水
    select avg(sal),deptno from EMP group by deptno;
    #2、将1的结果当作一个表
    select
            t1.grade,t2.deptno
    from 
        SALGRADE t1,(select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2
    where 
        t2.avg_sal between t1.losal and t1.hisal
12345678910
/*8、查询雇员的名字，所在部门的名字，工资的等级*/
    select t1.ename,t2.dname,t3.grade
    from 
        EMP t1,DEPT t2,SALGRADE t3
    where 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno
    and
        t1.sal between t3.losal and t3.hisal;

    select t1.ename,t2.dname,t3.grade
    from 
        EMP t1
    inner join
        DEPT t2 
    on 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno
    inner join
        SALGRADE t3
    on
        t1.sal between t3.losal and t3.hisal;
1234567891011121314151617181920
/*9、查询雇员的名字和其经理的名字*/
    select employee.ename,employer.ename
    from EMP employer,EMP employee
    where employee.mgr = employer.empno;
1234
/*10、查询雇员中是经理人的名字*/
    #1、经理上的编号
    select distinct mgr from EMP;
    #2、将1当作条件
    select 
        ename
    from 
        EMP
    where 
        empno in(select distinct mgr from EMP);
12345678910
/*11、查询平均薪水最高的部门的编号和名称*/
    #1、每个部门的平均薪水
    select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno;
    #2、求1表中的最高平均薪水
    select max(t.avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t
    #3、将2的结果当作条件
    select t1.deptno
    from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t1
    where t1.avg_sal = (select max(t2.avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2)
    #4、将3作为条件
    select t.deptno,t.dname
    from DEPT t
    where deptno in (
        select t1.deptno
        from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t1
        where t1.avg_sal = (select max(t2.avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2)
    );
1234567891011121314151617
/*12、查询薪水最高的前5名雇员编号，名称，薪水*/
    select empno,ename,sal
    from EMP 
    order by sal desc
    limit 5;
12345
/*13、查询薪水最高的第6名到第10名雇员编号，名称，薪水*/
    select empno,ename,sal
    from EMP 
    order by sal desc
    limit 5,5;
12345
/*14、查询部门的名字和部门的人数(如果部门里没有人数，显示0个)*/
    select 
        t1.dname,ifnull(t2.num,0)
    from 
        DEPT t1
    left join
        (select count(*) num,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2
    on 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno;
123456789
/*15、查询员工的编号，工资和所在部门的平均工资*/
    select 
        empno,ename,sal,t2.deptno,(select avg(sal) from EMP t1 where t1.deptno = t2.deptno)
    from 
        EMP t2;

    select 
        empno,ename,sal,t2.deptno,t2.avg_sal 
    from 
        EMP t1
    inner join 
        (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from EMP group by deptno) t2
    on 
        t1.deptno = t2.deptno;