Scala中Case Class使用详细解析

简介

  Case Class是样例类，能够被优化以用于模式匹配。

• 构造器中的参数如果不被声明为var的话，默认是val类型
• 自动创建伴生对象，实现apply方法，可以不直接显示地new对象
• 伴生对象实现unapply方法，从而可以将case class应用于模式匹配
• 实现toString、hashCode、copy、equals方法

简单实例

``` //抽象类Person abstract class Person

//case class Student case class Student(name:String,age:Int,studentNo:Int) extends Person //case class Teacher case class Teacher(name:String,age:Int,teacherNo:Int) extends Person //case class Nobody case class Nobody(name:String) extends Person

object CaseClassDemo{ def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { //case class 会自动生成apply方法，从而省去new操作 val p:Person=Student("john",18,1024)
//match case 匹配语法
p match { case Student(name,age,studentNo)=>println(name+":"+age+":"+studentNo) case Teacher(name,age,teacherNo)=>println(name+":"+age+":"+teacherNo) case Nobody(name)=>println(name) } } } ```

常用方法

``` //toString方法演示 scala> val s=Teacher("john",38,1024) s: Teacher = Teacher(john,38,1024)

//无参copy方法演示 scala> val s1=s.copy() s1: Teacher = Teacher(john,38,1024)

//copy方法是深度拷贝 scala> println(s eq s1) false

//equal方法根据对象内容进行比较 scala> println(s equals s1) true

scala> println(s == s1) true

//hashcode方法 scala> s1.hashCode res45: Int = 567742485

//toString方法 scala> s1.toString res46: String = Teacher(john,38,1024)

//带一个参数的copy方法 scala> s1.copy(name="stephen") res47: Teacher = Teacher(stephen,38,1024) //带二个参数的copy方法 scala> s1.copy(name="stephen",age=58) res49: Teacher = Teacher(stephen,58,1024) //带三个参数的copy方法 scala> s1.copy(name="stephen",age=58,teacherNo=2015) res50: Teacher = Teacher(stephen,58,2015) ```

多参数的Case Class

``` abstract class Person

case class Student( name:String, age:Int, studentNo:Int) extends Person

case class Teacher( name:String, age:Int, teacherNo:Int) extends Person

case class Nobody( name:String) extends Person

//SchoolClass为接受多个Person类型参数的类 case class SchoolClass(classDescription:String,persons:Person*)

//下列代码给出的是其模式匹配应用示例 object CaseClassDemo{ def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val sc=SchoolClass("学途无忧网Scala培训班",Teacher("摇摆少年梦",27,2015),Student("摇摆少年梦",27,2015)) sc match{ case SchoolClass(,,Student(name,age,studetNo))=>println(name) case _ => println("Nobody") } } } ```

sealed case class

sealed关键字作用

• 其修饰的trait，class只能在当前文件里面被继承
• 用sealed修饰的目的是告诉scala编译器在检查模式匹配时，让scala能在编译时检查代码是否有漏掉什么没case到的代码，减少编程的错误。

简单实例

``` //Person最前面加了个关键字sealed sealed abstract class Person

case class Student( name:String, age:Int, studentNo:Int) extends Person

case class Teacher( name:String, age:Int, teacherNo:Int) extends Person

case class Nobody( name:String) extends Person

case class SchoolClass(classDescription:String,persons:Person*)

object CaseClassDemo{ def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val s:Person=Student("john",18,1024) //这边仅仅给出了匹配Student的情况，在编译时 //编译器会提示 //match may not be exhaustive. It would fail on the following inputs: Nobody(), Teacher(, _, _) s match{ case Student(name,age,studentNo)=>println("Student") } } } ```

文章来自：https://www.itjmd.com/news/show-4236.html