JavaScript学习笔记之Apply和Call

Apply和Call的作用就是继承，类似于PHP的extends。两者作用是一样的，但是用法上还是有点区别。talk is cheap show code~

Apply :

//apply
(function() {
    function person(name, age) {
        console.log(this) //三次调用person,上下文分别为：window, student, teacher
        if (!name) return;
        this.prototype.name = name;
        this.prototype.age  = age;
    }

    person();

    function student(name, age) {
        //person.apply(this, name, age); --second argument to Function.prototype.apply must be an array
        person.apply(student, [name, age]);
        console.log('My Name Is ' +　this.name +　' ,Age Is ' + this.age);
    }

    function teacher(name, age, college) {
        person.apply(teacher, arguments);
        console.log('My Name Is ' +　this.name +　' ,Age Is ' + this.age);
    }

    var student = new student('gaozhen', '22');
    var teacher = new teacher('qianwen', '23');
})()

Call :

//call
(function() {
    function person(name, age) {
        this.prototype.name = name;
        this.prototype.age  = age;
        console.log(this) //上下文分别为：student、teacher
    }

    function student(name, age) {
        person.call(student, name, age);
        console.log('This Student Name Is ' +　this.name +　' ,Age Is ' + this.age);
    }

    function teacher() {
        person.call(teacher, arguments);
        console.log('This Teacher Name Is ' +　this.name +　' ,Age Is ' + this.age);
    }

    var student = new student('gaozhen', '22');//This Student Name Is gaozhen ,Age Is 22
    var teacher = new teacher('qianwen', '23');//This Teacher Name Is [object Arguments] ,Age Is undefined
})()

Apply和Call从用法角度来讲，区别在于apply可以无需指定参数个数，通过auguements来弹性的进行传参，且传入参数必须为Array。而call则必须要指定传参，且传入的参数必须为Object。两者在传入的时候，都会改变继承函数的上下文（如果对象传入为空的话，则为全文）。如person直接执行的话，this输出为window，后续被继承时，分别为student和teacher