MySQL小白入门06 - 综合练习

1. 各部门工资最高的员工(难度 - 中等)

1)创建Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

【解答】
第一步:创建表

CREATE TABLE Employee
(
	Id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
	Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	Salary INTEGER,
	DepartmentId CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

第二步:插入数据

INSERT INTO Employee
VALUES  ('1', 'Joe', 70000, '1'),
		('2', 'Henry', 80000, '2'),
		('3', 'Sam', 60000, '2'),
		('4', 'Max', 90000, '1');

第三步:查看表内数据

SELECT * FROM Employee;

在这里插入图片描述


2)创建Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

【解答】
参照上述步骤即可

CREATE TABLE Department
(
	Id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
	Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(Id)
);

INSERT INTO Department
VALUES  (1, "IT"),
		(2, "Sales");

SELECT * FROM Department;

在这里插入图片描述


3)编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

【解答】
需要关联两个表,才能得到完整字段信息

SELECT Dep.Name AS Department, 
	   Emp.Name AS Employee, 
	   Salary
FROM Employee AS Emp
INNER JOIN Department AS Dep
ON Emp.DepartmentId = Dep.Id
WHERE (Emp.DepartmentId, Salary) IN
		(SELECT DepartmentId, 
				MAX(Salary) AS Salary
				FROM Employee
		GROUP BY DepartmentId);

在这里插入图片描述

2. 换座位(难度 - 中等)

小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。

其中纵列的id是连续递增的

小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。

你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?

请创建如下所示seat表:

示例:

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Abbot   |
|    2    | Doris   |
|    3    | Emerson |
|    4    | Green   |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Doris   |
|    2    | Abbot   |
|    3    | Green   |
|    4    | Emerson |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。

CREATE TABLE seat
(
	Id INTEGER NOT NULL,
	student VARCHAR(225) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(Id)
);
 
INSERT INTO seat
VALUES  (1,'Abbot'),
		(2,'Doris'),
		(3,'Emerson'),
		(4,'Green'),
		(5,'Jeames');

SELECT CASE WHEN id % 2=0 THEN id-1
	    WHEN id % 2=1 AND id!=(SELECT MAX(id) FROM seat) THEN id + 1
	    ELSE id END ID,
	    student
FROM seat
ORDER BY ID;

3. 分数排名(难度 - 中等)

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。

创建以下score表:

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+

CREATE TABLE score_t (
Id INT NOT NULL,
Score DECIMAL(6,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(Id)
);
 
INSERT INTO score_t VALUES (1,3.50),
(2,3.65),
(3,4.00),
(4,3.85),
(5,4.00),
(6,3.65);

SELECT Score,
       DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Score desc) AS 'Rank'
FROM score_t

4. 连续出现的数字(难度 - 中等)

编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

例如,给定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+
CREATE TABLE NUM (
Id INT NOT NULL,
Num INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(Id)
);
 
INSERT INTO NUM VALUES (1,1),
(2,1),
(3,1),
(4,2),
(5,1),
(6,2),
(7,2)
SELECT Num AS ConsecutiveNums
FROM
(SELECT Num,
	diff,
	count(1) cot
FROM 
(SELECT Num,
        (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY Id)-row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY Num ORDER BY ID)) 
          AS diff
FROM NUM) t
GROUP BY Num,
	 diff) t2
WHERE cot>=3;

5. 树节点 (难度 - 中等)

对于tree表,id是树节点的标识,p_id是其父节点的id

+----+------+
| id | p_id |
+----+------+
| 1  | null |
| 2  | 1    |
| 3  | 1    |
| 4  | 2    |
| 5  | 2    |
+----+------+

每个节点都是以下三种类型中的一种:

  • Root: 如果节点是根节点。
  • Leaf: 如果节点是叶子节点。
  • Inner: 如果节点既不是根节点也不是叶子节点。

写一条查询语句打印节点id及对应的节点类型。按照节点id排序。上面例子的对应结果为:

+----+------+
| id | Type |
+----+------+
| 1  | Root |
| 2  | Inner|
| 3  | Leaf |
| 4  | Leaf |
| 5  | Leaf |
+----+------+

说明

  • 节点’1’是根节点,因为它的父节点为NULL,有’2’和’3’两个子节点。
  • 节点’2’是内部节点,因为它的父节点是’1’,有子节点’4’和’5’。
  • 节点’3’,‘4’,'5’是叶子节点,因为它们有父节点但没有子节点。

下面是树的图形:

    1         
  /   \ 
 2    3    
/ \
4  5

注意

如果一个树只有一个节点,只需要输出根节点属性。

CREATE TABLE tree (
id VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
p_id VARCHAR(4) ,
PRIMARY KEY(Id)
); 
 
 
INSERT INTO tree VALUES (1,null),
(2,1),
(3,1),
(4,2),
(5,2)

SELECT  DISTINCT id,
  	CASE WHEN p_id IS NULL AND t_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'Root'
    	     WHEN p_id IS NOT NULL AND t_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'Inner'
	     WHEN p_id IS NOT NULL AND t_id IS NULL THEN 'Leaf'
        END Type
FROM
(SELECT t1.id,
	t1.p_id,
        t2.id t_id
FROM tree t1
LEFT JOIN tree t2
ON t1.id = t2.p_id) t 

6. 至少有五名直接下属的经理 (难度 - 中等)

Employee表包含所有员工及其上级的信息。每位员工都有一个Id,并且还有一个对应主管的Id(ManagerId)。

+------+----------+-----------+----------+
|Id    |Name 	  |Department |ManagerId |
+------+----------+-----------+----------+
|101   |John 	  |A 	      |null      |
|102   |Dan 	  |A 	      |101       |
|103   |James 	  |A 	      |101       |
|104   |Amy 	  |A 	      |101       |
|105   |Anne 	  |A 	      |101       |
|106   |Ron 	  |B 	      |101       |
+------+----------+-----------+----------+

针对Employee表,写一条SQL语句找出有5个下属的主管。对于上面的表,结果应输出:

+-------+
| Name  |
+-------+
| John  |
+-------+

注意:

没有人向自己汇报。

CREATE TABLE employee_t (
id VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(1),
managerid VARCHAR(3),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
 
 
INSERT INTO employee_t VALUES (101,'John','A',null),
(102,'Dan','A',101),
(103,'James','A',101),
(104,'Amy','A',101),
(105,'Anne','A',101),
(106,'Ron','A',101)


SELECT managername AS name
FROM
SELECT  t1.name,
        t1.managerid,
	t2.name AS managername,
	COUNT(1) AS num
FROM employee_t t1
LEFT JOIN employee_t t2
ON t1.managerid = t2.id
GROUP BY t1.name,
	 t1.managerid) t3
GROUP BY managername
HAVING SUM(num) >= 5

7. 查询回答率最高的问题 (难度 - 中等)

求出survey_log表中回答率最高的问题,表格的字段有:uid, action, question_id, answer_id, q_num, timestamp

uid是用户id;action的值为:“show”, “answer”, “skip”;当action是"answer"时,answer_id不为空,相反,当action是"show"和"skip"时为空(null);q_num是问题的数字序号。

写一条sql语句找出回答率最高的问题。

举例:

输入

uidactionquestion_idanswer_idq_numtimestamp
5show285null1123
5answer2851241241124
5show369null2125
5skip369null2126

输出

survey_log
285

说明

问题285的回答率为1/1,然而问题369的回答率是0/1,所以输出是285。

**注意:**最高回答率的意思是:同一个问题出现的次数中回答的比例。

CREATE TABLE survey_log (
    uid VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    action VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
    question_id VARCHAR(3),
    answer_id VARCHAR(25),
    q_num INT,
    timestamp VARCHAR(3)
    );
 
INSERT INTO survey_log VALUES (5,'show',285,null,1,123),
(5,'answer',285,124124,1,124),
(5,'show',369,null,2,125),
(5,'skip',369,null,2,126)

SELECT CASE WHEN MAX(answer_num/quest_num) THEN question_id END  survey_log			 
FROM(
SELECT question_id,
       1 quest_num,
       count(answer_id) answer_num
FROM survey_log
GROUP BY question_id) t1

8. 各部门前3高工资的员工(难度 - 中等)

将项目7中的employee表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。

CREATE TABLE employee_n (
id VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
salary INT,
departmentid VARCHAR(1),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
CREATE TABLE department (
Id VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(225) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(Id)
);
 
 
INSERT INTO employee_n VALUES(1,'Joe',70000,1),
(2,'Henry',80000,2),
(3,'Sam',60000,2),
(4,'Max',90000,1),
(5,'Janet',69000,1),
(6,'Randy',85000,1);
 
INSERT INTO department VALUES('1','IT'),
('2','Sales');

SELECT Department,
       Emplyee,
       Salary
FROM
(SELECT dep.name Department,
	emp.Name Emplyee,
	emp.Salary,
	ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY dep.name ORDER BY Salary) AS ranking
FROM employee_n emp
LEFT JOIN department dep 
ON emp.departmentid = dep.id
)t1 
WHERE ranking <= 3;

9. 平面上最近距离 (难度 - 困难)

point_2d表包含一个平面内一些点(超过两个)的坐标值(x,y)。

写一条查询语句求出这些点中的最短距离并保留2位小数。

|x   | y  |
|----|----|
| -1 | -1 |
|  0 |  0 |
| -1 | -2 |

最短距离是1,从点(-1,-1)到点(-1,-2)。所以输出结果为:

| shortest |

1.00

+--------+
|shortest|
+--------+
|1.00    |
+--------+

**注意:**所有点的最大距离小于10000。

CREATE TABLE point_2d
(id INT,
x INT, 
y INT)
 
INSERT INTO point_2d VALUES 
(1,-1,-1),
(2,0,0),
(3,-1,-2)

SELECT  t1.x x1,
	t1.y y1,
	t2.x x2,
	t2.y y2,
	MIN(SQRT(POW((t1.x-t2.x),2)+POW((t1.y-t2.y),2))) shortest
FROM 
point_2d t1,point_2d t2
WHERE t1.id <> t2.id 

SELECT MIN(SQRT(POW((t1.x-t2.x),2)+POW((t1.y-t2.y),2))) shortest
FROM 
point_2d t1,point_2d t2
WHERE t1.id <> t2.id 

10. 行程和用户(难度 - 困难)

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

IdClient_IdDriver_IdCity_IdStatusRequest_at
11101completed2013-10-1
22111cancelled_by_driver2013-10-1
33126completed2013-10-1
44136cancelled_by_client2013-10-1
51101completed2013-10-2
62116completed2013-10-2
73126completed2013-10-2
821212completed2013-10-3
931012completed2013-10-3
1041312cancelled_by_driver2013-10-3

Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。

+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
+----------+--------+--------+
|    1     |   No   | client |
|    2     |   Yes  | client |
|    3     |   No   | client |
|    4     |   No   | client |
|    10    |   No   | driver |
|    11    |   No   | driver |
|    12    |   No   | driver |
|    13    |   No   | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+

写一段 SQL 语句查出2013年10月1日2013年10月3日期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。

+------------+-------------------+
|     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
| 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
| 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
+------------+-------------------+
CREATE TABLE trips
(id INT NOT NULL,
client_id INT, 
driver_id INT,
city_id INT,
status VARCHAR(60),
request_at DATE);
 
INSERT INTO trips VALUES
(1,1,10,1,'completed','2013-10-1'),
(2,2,11,1,'cancelled_by_driver','2013-10-1'),
(3,3,12,6,'completed','2013-10-1'),
(4,4,13,6,'cancelled_by_client','2013-10-1'),
(5,1,10,1,'completed','2013-10-2'),
(6,2,11,6,'completed','2013-10-2'),
(7,3,12,6,'completed','2013-10-2'),
(8,2,12,12,'completed','2013-10-3'),
(9,3,10,12,'completed','2013-10-3'),
(10,4,13,12,'cancelled_by_driver','2013-10-3');

CREATE TABLE users
(user_id  INT NOT NULL,
banned VARCHAR(4),
role VARCHAR(60));
 
INSERT INTO users VALUES
(1,'No','client'),
(2,'YES','client'),
(3,'No','client'),
(4,'No','client'),
(10,'No','driver'),
(11,'No','driver'),
(12,'No','driver'),
(13,'No','driver');

SELECT request_at Day, 
       ROUND(sum(cancelled_num)/sum(all_num),2) Cancellation_Rate
FROM			 
(SELECT request_at,
        status,
	count(1) all_num,
	CASE WHEN t1.status <> 'completed' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END cancelled_num			 
FROM trips t1
LEFT JOIN users u1
ON t1.client_id = u1.user_id 
LEFT JOIN users u2
ON t1.driver_id = u2.user_id 
WHERE u1.banned  = 'No'
AND u2.banned  = 'No'
AND request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY request_at,
         status) tp
GROUP BY request_at

11. 写一写本次组队学习的收获和感受

两天的Task还学得比较认真,三天的有点多抓不住重点
每个Task后的练习很好地加深了记忆;
平时还是要多练习,否则做题目时想不到用什么知识点;
现在是有点忘得差不多了emm

12. 参考资料

Datawhale组队学习

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