es学习三之 es中查询方式

一 es中查询的方式

1.1 query string search

1.1.1 比如搜索全部商品：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search

结果如下：

{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
 "total": 5,
 "successful": 5,
 "failed": 0
},
"hits": {
 "total": 4,
 "max_score": 1,
 "hits": [
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "2",
     "_score": 1,
     "_source": {
       "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
       "desc": " youxiao fangzhu",
       "price": 25,
       "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
       "tags": [
         "fangzhu"
       ]
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "4",
     "_score": 1,
     "_source": {
       "name": "special yagao",
       "desc": "special meibai",
       "price": 50,
       "producer": "special yagao producer",
       "tags": "meibai"
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "1",
     "_score": 1,
     "_source": {
       "name": "gaolujie yagao",
       "desc": " meibai,fangzhu",
       "price": 25,
       "producer": "gaolujie producer",
       "tags": [
         "meibai",
         "fangzhu"
       ]
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "3",
     "_score": 1,
     "_source": {
       "name": "zhonghua yagao",
       "desc": " caoben jinghua",
       "price": 40,
       "producer": "zhonghua producer",
       "tags": [
         "qingxin"
       ]
     }
   }
 ]
}
}

其中一些关键字段意思：

took：耗费了几毫秒
timed_out：是否超时，这里是没有
_shards：数据拆成了5个分片，所以对于搜索请求，会打到所有的primary shard（或者是它的某个replica shard也可以）
hits.total：查询结果的数量，3个document
hits.max_score：score的含义，就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数，越相关，就越匹配，分数也高
hits.hits：包含了匹配搜索的document的详细数据

1.2 query DSL(特定领域语言)

2.2.1 举例查询所有产品：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} }
}

举例查询名称包含yagao的商品，同时按照价格降序排序

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
 "query" : {
     "match" : {
         "name" : "yagao"
     }
 },
 "sort": [
     { "price": "desc" }
 ]
}

1.2.2举例 查询第二个产品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"from": 1,
"size": 1
}

1.2.3 举例 指定要查询出来的名称和价格就可以

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"_source": ["name", "price"]
}

1.3 query filter （查询过滤）

2.3.1举例搜索商品名称包含yagao，并且售价大于25元的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
 "query" : {
     "bool" : {
         "must" : {
             "match" : {
                 "name" : "yagao" 
             }
         },
         "filter" : {
             "range" : {
                 "price" : { "gt" : 25 } 
             }
         }
     }
 }
}

1.4 full text search(全文本检索)

2.4.1 举例查询所有 producer字段中包含 yagao producer

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
 "query" : {
     "match" : {
         "producer" : "yagao producer"
     }
 }
}

结果如下

{
"took": 32,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
 "total": 5,
 "successful": 5,
 "failed": 0
},
"hits": {
 "total": 4,
 "max_score": 0.70293105,
 "hits": [
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "4",
     "_score": 0.70293105,
     "_source": {
       "name": "special yagao",
       "desc": "special meibai",
       "price": 50,
       "producer": "special yagao producer",
       "tags": "meibai"
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "1",
     "_score": 0.25811607,
     "_source": {
       "name": "gaolujie yagao",
       "desc": " meibai,fangzhu",
       "price": 25,
       "producer": "gaolujie producer",
       "tags": [
         "meibai",
         "fangzhu"
       ]
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "3",
     "_score": 0.25811607,
     "_source": {
       "name": "zhonghua yagao",
       "desc": " caoben jinghua",
       "price": 40,
       "producer": "zhonghua producer",
       "tags": [
         "qingxin"
       ]
     }
   },
   {
     "_index": "ecommerce",
     "_type": "product",
     "_id": "2",
     "_score": 0.1805489,
     "_source": {
       "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
       "desc": " youxiao fangzhu",
       "price": 25,
       "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
       "tags": [
         "fangzhu"
       ]
     }
   }
 ]
}
}

为什么有4条记录而不是没有，首先 producer这个字段为被拆解，建立倒排索引，id为4 的拆解为 （special ，yagao，producer），id为3的被拆解为（ zhonghua ，yagao），id为2的拆解为（jiajieshi ，yagao），id为1的被拆解为（gaolujie ，yagao），然后 关键字（yagao producer）被拆解成yagao和producer，其中id为4的匹配 yagao和 producer，id为3的匹配 yagao，id为2的匹配yagao，id为1的yagao. 关于相关度大小计算不讨论。

1.5 phrase search（短语搜索）

跟全文检索相对应，相反，全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来，去倒排索引里面去一一匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就可以作为结果返回
phrase search，要求输入的搜索串，必须在指定的字段文本中，完全包含一模一样的，才可以算匹配，才能作为结果返回

举例：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
"query" : {
  "match_phrase" : {
      "producer" : "yagao producer"
  }
}
}

结果如下：

{
"took": 7,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.70293105,
"hits": [
{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "4",
  "_score": 0.70293105,
  "_source": {
    "name": "special yagao",
    "desc": "special meibai",
    "price": 50,
    "producer": "special yagao producer",
    "tags": "meibai"
  }
}
]
}
}

1.6 highlight search(高亮搜索结果)

举例：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "producer" : "producer"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {
            "producer" : {}
        }
    }
}