【python办公自动化】task2 Python与Excel

使用前需要先安装相关模块pip install openpyxl

excel包含以下基本元素

• 行Row
• 列column
• 单元格cell
• 表sheet

1. Excel读取

1.1 读取对应表格

1. 打开已经存在的Excel表格 load_workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)

2. 根据名称读取表

from openpyxl import load_workbook

exl_1 = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl_1.sheetnames)

sheet = exl_1['work']

'若只有一张表则：'
sheet = exl_1.active

3. 获取Excel 内容占据的大小dimensions

print(sheet.dimensions)

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1.2 读取单元格

1. 获取某个单元格的具体内容

cell = sheet.cell(row=1,column=2) #指定行列数
print(cell.value)

cell_1 = sheet['A1'] #指定坐标
print(cell_1.value)

2. 获取单元格对应的行、列和坐标

print(cell_1.row, cell_1.column, cell.coordinate)

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1.3 读取多个格子的值

1. 指定坐标范围

cells = sheet['A1:C8'] #A1到C8区域的值
cells

2. 指定行的值

Row = sheet[1] #第1行的值
Rows = sheet[1:2] #第1到2行的值

3. 指定列的值

Column = sheet['A'] #第A列
Columns = sheet['A:C'] #第A到C列

4. 指定范围的值

# 行获取
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
						   min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
	#print(row)
	# 一列由多个单元格组成，若需要获取每个单元格的值则循环获取即可
	for cell in row:
		print(cell.value)
		
# 列获取
for col in sheet.iter_cols(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
						   min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
	print(col)
	
	for cell in col:
		print(cell.value)

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2. Excel写入

2.1 写入单元格并保存

from openpyxl import load_workbook

exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
sheet = exl.active
sheet['A1'] = 'hello word'       
#或者cell = sheet['A1'] 
#cell.value = 'hello word'
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx') #存入原Excel表中，若创建新文件则可命名为不同名称

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2.2 写入行数据并保存

1. 写入一行数据并保存

import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
# 创建一个sheet
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

# 写入excel
# 参数对应 行, 列, 值
sheet.write(1,0,label = 'this is test')

# 保存
workbook.save('new_test.xls')

2. 写入多行数据并保存

import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
# 创建一个sheet
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

data = [['hello',22,'hi'],
		['hell',23,'h'],
		['he',25,'him']]
for i in range(len(data)):
    for j in range(len(data[i])):
        sheet.write(i,j,data[i][j])
sheet
workbook.save('test1.xls')

2.3 将公式写入单元格保存

sheet['A2'] = 'SUM(A1:D1)'
exl.save(filename='test.xlsx')

2.4 插入列数据

1. 插入一列

sheet.insert_cols(idx=2) #idx=2第2列，第2列前插入一列

2. 插入多列

#第2列前插入5列作为举例
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)

2.5 插入行数据

第2行前上面插入一行(或多行)

#插入一行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2)
#插入多行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)

2.6 删除

1. 删除多列

sheet.delete_cols(idx=5, amount=2) #第5列前删除2列

2. 删除多行

sheet.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=5)

2.7 移动

当数字为正即向下或向右，为负即为向上或向左

sheet.move_range('C5:F10', row=2, cols=-3)

2.8 Sheet表操作

1. 创建新的sheet

from openpyxl import load_workbook

exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)

exl.create_sheet('new_sheet')

2. 复制已有的sheet

exl.copy_worksheet(sheet)

3. 修改sheet表名

sheet = exl.active
sheet.title = 'newname'

2.9 创建新的Excel表

from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
workbook.save(filename = 'new_test.xlsx')

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3. Excel 样式

3.1 设置字体样式

1. 设置字体样式

   Font(name字体名称,size大小,bold粗体,italic斜体,color颜色)

   from openpyxl import Workbook
   from openpyxl.styles import Font
   
   workbook = Workbook()
   sheet = workbook.active
   cell = sheet['A1']
   font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF0000')
   cell.font = font
   workbook.save(filename='new_test')
   

2. 设置多个格子的字体样式

   from openpyxl import Workbook
   from openpyxl.styles import Font
   
   workbook = Workbook()
   sheet = workbook.active
   cells = sheet[2]
   font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF000000')
   for cell in cells:
   	cell.font = font
   workbook.save(filename='new_test')
   

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3.2 设置对其样式

• 水平对齐：distributed, justify, center, left, fill, centerContinuous, right, general

• 垂直对齐：bottom, distributed, justify, center, top

1. 设置单元格边框样式

• Side(style变现样式， color边线颜色)

• Border(左右上下边线)

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
#先定好side的格式
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
#代入边线中
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename='new_test')

2. 设置单元格边框样式

变现样式：double, mediumDashDotDot, slantDashDot, dashDotDot, dotted, hair, mediumDashed, dashed, dashDot, thin, mediumDashDot, medium, thick

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor 
cell1.fill = pattern_fill
#单色填充
cell2 = sheet['A3']
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=('FFFFFF', '99ccff','000000'))
cell2.fill = gradient_fill
#渐变填充
workbook.save(filename='new_test')

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3.3 设置行高与列宽

from openpyxl import Workbook 

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 20 workbook.save(filename='new_test')

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3.4 合并、取消合并单元格

sheet.merge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
				  end_row=2, end_column=4)

sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.unmerge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
				    end_row=2, end_column=4)