Android开发_简单的网络编程

URLConnection和HttpURLConnection使用的都是java.net中的类，属于标准的java接口。

HttpURLConnection继承自URLConnection,差别在与HttpURLConnection仅仅针对Http连接。

访问网络实例

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
	private Button btn;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		final String urlStr = "http://www.baidu.com";

		btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
		btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View arg0) {
				new AsyncTask<String, Void, String>() {
					@Override
					protected String doInBackground(String... arg0) {
						return doGet(arg0[0]);
						// return doPost(arg0[0]);
					}
				}.execute(urlStr);
			}
		});
	}

	// 通过默认的GET方式获取数据
	public String doGet(String urlStr) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		try {
			URL url = new URL(urlStr);
			URLConnection con = url.openConnection();

			con.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);// 设置超时
			if (((HttpURLConnection) con).getResponseCode() != 200)
				throw new RuntimeException("请求url失败");

			// 创建读取流
			InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
			String line = "";

			// 循环读取数据
			while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
				sb.append(line);
			}
			// 关闭流
			br.close();
			isr.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	// 通过POST方式获取数据
	public String doPost(String urlStr) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		try {
			URL url = new URL(urlStr);
			HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

			// 设置请求方法和输出数据
			con.setDoOutput(true);
			con.setRequestMethod("POST");
			con.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);// 设置超时
			if (con.getResponseCode() != 200)
				throw new RuntimeException("请求url失败");

			// 添加参数
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(
					con.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");
			BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
			bw.write("userId=1");
			bw.flush();

			// 读取返回的数据
			InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
			String line = "";

			// 循环读取数据
			while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
				sb.append(line);
			}
			// 关闭流
			br.close();
			isr.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
}

HttpURLConnection与HttpClient

在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能：HttpURLConnection。但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。 在Android中，androidSDK中集成了Apache的HttpClient模块，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。使用HttpClient可以快速开发出功能强大的Http程序。

两者区别：

        HttpClient是个很不错的开源框架，封装了访问http的请求头，参数，内容体，响应等等， HttpURLConnection是java的标准类，什么都没封装，用起来太原始，不方便，比如重访问的自定义，以及一些高级功能等。

访问网络实例

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private Button btn;
	private HttpClient client;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		client = new DefaultHttpClient();

		btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
		btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View arg0) {
				String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
				doGet(url);
			}
		});
	}

	// 通过HttpGet来访问网络
	public void doGet(String url) {
		new AsyncTask<String, Void, Void>() {

			@Override
			protected Void doInBackground(String... arg0) {
				String urlStr = arg0[0];
				HttpGet get = new HttpGet(urlStr);

				try {
					// 发送请求方法并返回
					HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
					// 获取数据
					String value = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
					System.out.println(value);

				} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}

				return null;
			}
		}.execute(url);
	}

	// 通过HttpPost来访问网络
	public void doPost(String url) {
		new AsyncTask<String, Void, Void>() {

			@Override
			protected Void doInBackground(String... arg0) {
				String urlStr = arg0[0];
				HttpPost post = new HttpPost(urlStr);

				try {
					// 附加参数
					List<BasicNameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();
					list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "1"));
					post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list));
				} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}

				try {
					// 发送请求方法并返回
					HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
					// 获取数据
					String value = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
					System.out.println(value);

				} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}

				return null;
			}
		}.execute(url);
	}
}