Java之网络编程（二）UDP

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-21 14:51:43 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-21 14:51:43 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： udp 网络编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a911711054/article/details/77581523

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/**
* 在java中网络通讯也称作为Socket(套接字)通讯，要求通讯的两台机器都必须安装Socket
* 不同的协议有不同的Socket
*
* UDP通讯协议的特点：
* 1.将数据及其原源和目的封装为数据包，不需要建立连接
* 2.每个数据包大小限制在64k
* 3.因为无连接，所以不可靠
* 4.因为不需要建立连接，所以速度快
* 5.UDP通讯是不分服务端与客户端的，只分发送端与接收端
* 如：人说话、CS等
*
* TCP通讯协议的特点：
* 1.面向连接，有特有的通道
* 2.在连接中传输大数据量
* 3.通过三次握手机制连接，可靠协议
* 4.通信前必须建立连接，效率稍低
* 如：打电话、文件的传送
*
* UDP协议下的Socket:
* DatagramSocket(UDP插座服务)
* DatagramPacket(数据包类)
* DatagramPacket(buf, length, address, port)
* buf:发送的是数据内容
* length:发送数据内容大小
* address:发送的目的IP地址对象
* pprt：端口号
*

* */

一、实现接收端接收数据，发送端发送数据

package com.shuhuadream.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

//UDP 接收端 接收数据
public class MyReceiver {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		try {
			//1.创建接收端对象
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6565);
			//2.创建byte数组容器，封装为数据包用于存放数据
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
			//3.调用UDP的服务接收数据
			socket.receive(packet);//receive是一个阻塞方法，没有接收到数据一直继续等待，数据实际上就是存储到了byte的字节数组中
			//4.处理数据
			System.out.println("发送端传来的数据："+new String(buf,0,packet.getLength()));
			//5.关闭资源
			socket.close();
			
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

package com.shuhuadream.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//UDP 发送端 发送数据
public class MySender {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		try {
			//1.创建发送端发送对象
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7777);
			//2.准备数据，并将数据封装到数据包内
			String msg = "生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄";
			byte[] data = msg.getBytes();
			DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,data.length,InetAddress.getLocalHost(),6565);
			//3.调用udp服务发送数据包
			socket.send(packet);
			//4.关闭资源--实际上是释放占用的端口号
			socket.close();
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

运行结果：

二、实现发送端单项多次给接收端发送信息

package com.shuhuadream.udp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

//发送端
public class ChatSender {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		try {
			//创建发送端对象
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(2443);
			//明确要发送的数据
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			while(true){
				String line = br.readLine();
				byte[] data = line.getBytes();
				//将数据打包
				DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,data.length,InetAddress.getByName("10.41.151.14"),6565);
				//发送数据
				socket.send(packet);
				if(line.equals("bye")){
					break;
				}
			}
			//关闭发送端资源
			br.close();
			socket.close();
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

package com.shuhuadream.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

//接收端
public class ChatReceiver {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		try {
			//1.创建接收端对象
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6565);
			//2.创建byte数组容器，封装为数据包用于存放数据
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
			while(true){
				DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
				//3.调用UDP的服务接收数据
				socket.receive(packet);
				//4.处理数据
				System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()+":"+new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
			}
//			//5.关闭资源
//			socket.close();
			
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

三、开启线程实现两个客户端之间能够聊天

package com.shuhuadream.udp2;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UDPSendThread extends Thread{
	private DatagramSocket socket;	//发送端对象
	private InetAddress address;	//目标地址
	private int port;				//端口号
	
	
	public UDPSendThread(DatagramSocket socket, InetAddress address, int port) {
		super();
		this.socket = socket;
		this.address = address;
		this.port = port;
	}


	public void run() {
		//获取要发送的数据
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		while(true){
			try {
				String line = br.readLine();
				byte[] data = line.getBytes();
				//将数据打包
				DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,data.length,address,port);
				//发送数据
				socket.send(packet);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

package com.shuhuadream.udp2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UDPReceiverThread extends Thread{
	private DatagramSocket socket;//接收端对象

	public UDPReceiverThread(DatagramSocket socket) {
		super();
		this.socket = socket;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(true){
			//准备容器，封装为数据包用于存放数据
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024*16];
			DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
			try {
				//接收数据
				socket.receive(packet);
				//处理数据
				System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()+":"+new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

接下来两个客户端都开启接收和发送线程

客户端一：

package com.shuhuadream.udp2;

import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class UDPClient01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
			InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("10.41.151.14");
			//创建发送、接收线程
			UDPSendThread sendThread = new UDPSendThread(socket, address, 4444);
			UDPReceiverThread receiverThread = new UDPReceiverThread(socket);
			//开启线程
			sendThread.start();
			receiverThread.start();
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

客户端二：

package com.shuhuadream.udp2;

import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class UDPClient02 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(4444);
			InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("10.41.151.63");
			//创建发送、接收线程
			UDPSendThread sendThread = new UDPSendThread(socket, address, 8888);
			UDPReceiverThread receiverThread = new UDPReceiverThread(socket);
			//开启线程
			sendThread.start();
			receiverThread.start();
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

实验效果图：

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Java之网络编程（二）UDP

/** * 在java中网络通讯也称作为Socket(套接字)通讯，要求通讯的两台机器都必须安装Socket * 不同的协议有不同的Socket * * UDP通讯协议的特点： * 1.将数据及其原源和目的封装为数据包，不需要建立连接 * 2.每个数据包大小限制在64k * 3.因为无连接，所以不可靠 * 4.因为不需要建立连接，所以速度快 * 5.UDP通讯
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