使用 ActiveMQ 示例

企业中各项目中相互协作的时候可能用得到消息通知机制。比如有东西更新了，可以通知做索引。

在 Java 里有 JMS 的多个实现。其中 apache 下的 ActiveMQ 就是不错的选择。还有一个比较热的是 RabbitMQ （是 erlang 语言实现的）。这里示例下使用 ActiveMQ

用 ActiveMQ 最好还是了解下 JMS

JMS 公共	点对点域	发布/订阅域
ConnectionFactory	QueueConnectionFactory	TopicConnectionFactory
Connection	QueueConnection	TopicConnection
Destination	Queue	Topic
Session	QueueSession	TopicSession
MessageProducer	QueueSender	TopicPublisher
MessageConsumer	QueueReceiver	TopicSubscriber

JMS 定义了两种方式：Quere（点对点）；Topic（发布/订阅）。

ConnectionFactory 是连接工厂，负责创建Connection。

Connection 负责创建 Session。

Session 创建 MessageProducer（用来发消息） 和 MessageConsumer（用来接收消息）。

Destination 是消息的目的地。

详细的可以网上找些 JMS 规范（有中文版）。

下载 apache-activemq-5.3.0。http://activemq.apache.org/download.html，解压，然后双击 bin/activemq.bat。运行后，可以在 http://localhost:8161/admin 观察。也有 demo， http://localhost:8161/demo。把 activemq-all-5.3.0.jar 加入 classpath。

Jms 发送 代码：

1. public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
2.     ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); 
3.  
4.     Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); 
5.     connection.start(); 
6.  
7.     Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); 
8.     Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue"); 
9.  
10.     MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination); 
11.     for(int i=0; i<3; i++) { 
12.         MapMessage message = session.createMapMessage(); 
13.         message.setLong("count", new Date().getTime()); 
14.         Thread.sleep(1000); 
15.         //通过消息生产者发出消息 
16.         producer.send(message); 
17.     } 
18.     session.commit(); 
19.     session.close(); 
20.     connection.close(); 
21. } 

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
	ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory();

	Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
	connection.start();

	Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
	Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue");

	MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
	for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
		MapMessage message = session.createMapMessage();
		message.setLong("count", new Date().getTime());
		Thread.sleep(1000);
		//通过消息生产者发出消息
		producer.send(message);
	}
	session.commit();
	session.close();
	connection.close();
}

Jms 接收代码：

1. public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
2.     ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); 
3.  
4.     Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); 
5.     connection.start(); 
6.  
7.     final Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); 
8.     Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue"); 
9.  
10.     MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); 
11.     /*//listener 方式
12.     consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
14.         public void onMessage(Message msg) {
15.             MapMessage message = (MapMessage) msg;
16.             //TODO something....
17.             System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date(message.getLong("count")));
18.             session.commit();
19.         }
21.     });
22.     Thread.sleep(30000);
23.     */ 
24.     int i=0; 
25.     while(i<3) { 
26.         i++; 
27.         MapMessage message = (MapMessage) consumer.receive(); 
28.         session.commit(); 
29.  
30.         //TODO something.... 
31.         System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date(message.getLong("count"))); 
32.     } 
33.  
34.     session.close(); 
35.     connection.close(); 
36. } 

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
	ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory();

	Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
	connection.start();

	final Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
	Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue");

	MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
	/*//listener 方式
	consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {

		public void onMessage(Message msg) {
			MapMessage message = (MapMessage) msg;
			//TODO something....
			System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date(message.getLong("count")));
			session.commit();
		}

	});
	Thread.sleep(30000);
	*/
	int i=0;
	while(i<3) {
		i++;
		MapMessage message = (MapMessage) consumer.receive();
		session.commit();

		//TODO something....
		System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date(message.getLong("count")));
	}

	session.close();
	connection.close();
}

启动 JmsReceiver 和 JmsSender 可以在看输出三条时间信息。当然 Jms 还指定有其它格式的数据，如 TextMessage

结合 Spring 的 JmsTemplate 方便用：

xml：

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
3.         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> 
4.  
5. <!-- 在非 web / ejb 容器中使用 pool 时，要手动 stop，spring 不会为你执行 destroy-method 的方法 
6.     <bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.pool.PooledConnectionFactory" destroy-method="stop"> 
7.         <property name="connectionFactory"> 
8.             <bean class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory"> 
9.                 <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" /> 
10.             </bean> 
11.         </property> 
12.     </bean> 
13. --> 
14.     <bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory"> 
15.         <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" /> 
16.     </bean> 
17.     <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate"> 
18.         <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jmsFactory" /> 
19.         <property name="defaultDestination" ref="destination" /> 
20.         <property name="messageConverter"> 
21.             <bean class="org.springframework.jms.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter" /> 
22.         </property> 
23.     </bean> 
24.  
25.     <bean id="destination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue"> 
26.         <constructor-arg index="0" value="my-queue" /> 
27.     </bean> 
28.  
29. </beans> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

<!-- 在非 web / ejb 容器中使用 pool 时，要手动 stop，spring 不会为你执行 destroy-method 的方法
	<bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.pool.PooledConnectionFactory" destroy-method="stop">
		<property name="connectionFactory">
			<bean class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
				<property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" />
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>
-->
	<bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
		<property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
		<property name="connectionFactory" ref="jmsFactory" />
		<property name="defaultDestination" ref="destination" />
		<property name="messageConverter">
			<bean class="org.springframework.jms.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter" />
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="destination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
		<constructor-arg index="0" value="my-queue" />
	</bean>

</beans>

sender：

1. public static void main(String[] args) { 
2.     ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml"); 
3.  
4.     JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate"); 
5.  
6.     jmsTemplate.send(new MessageCreator() { 
7.  
8.         public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException { 
9.             MapMessage mm = session.createMapMessage(); 
10.             mm.setLong("count", new Date().getTime()); 
11.             return mm; 
12.         } 
13.  
14.     }); 
15. } 

public static void main(String[] args) {
	ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml");

	JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate");

	jmsTemplate.send(new MessageCreator() {

		public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException {
			MapMessage mm = session.createMapMessage();
			mm.setLong("count", new Date().getTime());
			return mm;
		}

	});
}

receiver：

1. public static void main(String[] args) { 
2.     ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml"); 
3.  
4.     JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate"); 
5.     while(true) { 
6.         Map<String, Object> mm =  (Map<String, Object>) jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert(); 
7.         System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date((Long)mm.get("count"))); 
8.     } 
9. } 

public static void main(String[] args) {
	ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml");

	JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate");
	while(true) {
		Map<String, Object> mm =  (Map<String, Object>) jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert();
		System.out.println("收到消息：" + new Date((Long)mm.get("count")));
	}
}

注意：直接用 Jms 接口时接收了消息后要提交一下，否则下次启动接收者时还可以收到旧数据。有了 JmsTemplate 就不用自己提交 session.commit() 了。如果使用了 PooledConnectionFactory 要把 apache-activemq-5.3.0\lib\optional\activemq-pool-5.3.0.jar 加到 classpath

参考资料：

Hello ActiveMQ

Spring2.5整合ActiveMQ 5.2

spring-support

JMS 相关资料