web3.js连接geth私链

准备工作

0.安装geth（Mac系统）

brew install ethereum

1.查看geth版本

geth version

Geth
Version: 1.10.1-stable
Architecture: amd64
Go Version: go1.16
Operating System: darwin
GOPATH=
GOROOT=go

同步公网数据

1.指定数据目录同步区块（默认Ethereum主网、full模式）

geth --datadir ./data 

2.以快速模式同步主网区块 只会下载区块头和地址，不会验证所有交易（Ethereum）

geth --datadir . --syncmode fast  

3.同步测试网络的区块（Ropsten）

geth --testnet --datadir . --syncmode fast  

搭建私链

0.定义genesis.json

查找官网最新版本

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 523,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip150Hash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "istanbulBlock": 0,
    "ethash": {}
  },
  "nonce": "0x0",
  "timestamp": "0x5ddf8f3e",
  "extraData": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "gasLimit": "0x47b760",
  "difficulty": "0x00002",
  "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "alloc": {
    "0Bbf9E54c4c5737aaBd484168fAe8D1905B972CC" : {"balance" : "30000000000000000000"}
  },
  "number": "0x0",
  "gasUsed": "0x0",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}

1.创建私链

创建一条以genesis.json作为创世块的区块链

geth --datadir . init genesis.json  

目录下生成geth和keystore两个新文件．

• geth保存的是区块链的相关信息
• keystore中保存的是该链条中的用户信息

2.启动私链

1.快速启动私链，将networkid设置为与创世块配置里的chainId一致

geth --datadir . --networkid 523

2.附带参数启动私链

geth --datadir . --rpc --networkid 523 --nodiscover console 2>eth_output.log --allow-insecure-unlock

参数列表（部分）：

console 启动控制台

2>eth_output.log 日志重定向

–datadir 指定数据目录，其中 . 表示当前目录

–nodiscover 禁止发现节点

–rpc 启用rpc服务，默认端口号8545

–allow-insecure-unlock 允许http的方式unlock

–rpcapi 表示可以通过rpc调用的对象

–rpcaddr rpc监听地址，默认为127.0.0.1，只能本地访问

示例：

geniusdew@localhost mychain % geth --datadir . --rpc --networkid 523 --nodiscover console 2>eth_output.log --allow-insecure-unlock
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.10.1-stable/darwin-amd64/go1.16
coinbase: 0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e
at block: 209 (Tue Mar 23 2021 10:55:44 GMT+0800 (CST))
 datadir: /Users/geniusdew/ZLocalRepository/study_code/geth/mychain
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

To exit, press ctrl-d
>

3.启动采用权威证明的网络

–dev 启动采用权威证明的网络，会预先有一个开发者账号，可以直接挖矿

geth --datadir . --dev console 2>output.log   

3.账号操作

创建账号

personal.newAccount()
或
personal.newAccount(“123456”)

查看账号

eth.accounts

查看账号余额

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

解锁账号

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

示例：

> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
Unlock account 0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e
Passphrase: 
true

4.挖矿操作

miner.start()

miner.stop()

示例：

> miner.start()
null
> miner.stop();
null

5.发送交易

eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:"0x0Bbf9E54c4c5737aaBd484168fAe8D1905B972CC",value:web3.toWei(5,'ether')})

ps: 如有Error: invalid sender，更换官网最新的genesis.json解决

​ 发送交易后需要挖矿打包交易才生效

>eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:"0x0Bbf9E54c4c5737aaBd484168fAe8D1905B972CC",value:web3.toWei(5,'ether')})
"0x92c22e3f3df2623b2d24560820a978b1ec557e8eafff29293f943b20cca3d528"

6.查看区块高度

eth.blockNumber

> eth.blockNumber
231

7.查询块信息

eth.getBlock(blockNumber)

> eth.getBlock('210')
{
  difficulty: 131072,
  extraData: "0xd783010a01846765746886676f312e31368664617277696e",
  gasLimit: 5768887,
  gasUsed: 21000,
  hash: "0xda1a20b7feb72db05a755903f965fb2abc723c22351f47bcac386c8d267d7a0e",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e",
  mixHash: "0x3b438231a843cc85ce2a1d67cb876d82ff03a82bf5b1bd48692d16cbad094a35",
  nonce: "0x39ebaedaa8526b1f",
  number: 210,
  parentHash: "0x3d3d44e76c886668224ee13106e425bb4f4a9cee602f5b276e8399fd3fe9cbcf",
  receiptsRoot: "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 648,
  stateRoot: "0xa3174e56937f1690fec2f19172f38285fb91ff6b9e265898b3fbe0bd508ddeea",
  timestamp: 1616556099,
  totalDifficulty: 28336449,
  transactions: ["0x92c22e3f3df2623b2d24560820a978b1ec557e8eafff29293f943b20cca3d528"],
  transactionsRoot: "0x98204ebd3e73f45b68052d6fdcbae7dda0f7b3a991ed3c2ac6a6d81d3447c584",
  uncles: []
}

• Number - 区块号。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• hash - 字符串，区块的哈希串。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• parentHash - 字符串，32字节的父区块的哈希值。
• nonce - 字符串，8字节。POW生成的哈希。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• sha3Uncles - 字符串，32字节。叔区块的哈希值。
• logsBloom - 字符串，区块日志的布隆过滤器9。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• transactionsRoot - 字符串，32字节，区块的交易前缀树的根。
• stateRoot - 字符串，32字节。区块的最终状态前缀树的根。
• miner - 字符串，20字节。这个区块获得奖励的矿工。
• difficulty - BigNumber类型。当前块的难度，整数。
• totalDifficulty - BigNumber类型。区块链到当前块的总难度，整数。
• extraData - 字符串。当前块的extra data字段。
• size - Number。当前这个块的字节大小。
• gasLimit - Number，当前区块允许使用的最大gas。
• gasUsed - 当前区块累计使用的总的gas。
• timestamp - Number。区块打包时的unix时间戳。
• transactions - 数组。交易对象。或者是32字节的交易哈希。
• uncles - 数组。叔哈希的数组。

8.查询交易

eth.getTransaction(transactionHash)

> eth.getTransaction('0x92c22e3f3df2623b2d24560820a978b1ec557e8eafff29293f943b20cca3d528')
{
  blockHash: "0xda1a20b7feb72db05a755903f965fb2abc723c22351f47bcac386c8d267d7a0e",
  blockNumber: 210,
  from: "0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e",
  gas: 21000,
  gasPrice: 1000000000,
  hash: "0x92c22e3f3df2623b2d24560820a978b1ec557e8eafff29293f943b20cca3d528",
  input: "0x",
  nonce: 3,
  r: "0xa5d9949c37c32b63c163d77ee1b0d4f1d5b3a8979b83fbf3984aa66904aba42e",
  s: "0x48d7787e6bf5915f53d9f144a3ca7db7dd611ccfaa921f7f5c3f572f60305442",
  to: "0x0bbf9e54c4c5737aabd484168fae8d1905b972cc",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: "0x0",
  v: "0x42",
  value: 5000000000000000000
}

• hash: String - 32字节，交易的哈希值。
• nonce: Number - 交易的发起者在之前进行过的交易数量。
• blockHash: String - 32字节。交易所在区块的哈希值。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• blockNumber: Number - 交易所在区块的块号。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• transactionIndex: Number - 整数。交易在区块中的序号。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• from: String - 20字节，交易发起者的地址。
• to: String - 20字节，交易接收者的地址。当这个区块处于pending将会返回null。
• value: BigNumber - 交易附带的货币量，单位为Wei。
• gasPrice: BigNumber - 交易发起者配置的gas价格，单位是wei。
• gas: Number - 交易发起者提供的gas。.
• input: String - 交易附带的数据。

9.web3.js API

> web3
{
  admin: {
    datadir: "/Users/geniusdew/ZLocalRepository/study_code/geth/mychain",
    nodeInfo: {
      enode: "enode://db0ce649873026ce079453d8e353cf01b3144d1eaf6e7e48911c719eb038e72f94066d3e8d2fedd67f921606f46d4efe025a7550618b41c47181aecbc0fb97f1@127.0.0.1:30303?discport=0",
      enr: "enr:-Ja4QO73yq8mKrUmQTKDT0by_YZ1UPTySZ3sdw0VmtPOsYbXQZPDA7CLzneJ5638CnqOWiqSVDO2HZbGbUp-rxI-fw8Gg2V0aMfGhJuyGhKAgmlkgnY0gmlwhH8AAAGJc2VjcDI1NmsxoQPbDOZJhzAmzgeUU9jjU88BsxRNHq9ufkiRHHGesDjnL4RzbmFwwIN0Y3CCdl8",
      id: "eaf56b16216635c9f2c651e7be483fa81b225d87116c108120443eff3a650ec6",
      ip: "127.0.0.1",
      listenAddr: "[::]:30303",
      name: "Geth/v1.10.1-stable/darwin-amd64/go1.16",
      ports: {
        discovery: 0,
        listener: 30303
      },
      protocols: {
        eth: {...},
        snap: {}
      }
    },
    peers: [],
    addPeer: function(),
    addTrustedPeer: function(),
    clearHistory: function(),
    exportChain: function(),
    getDatadir: function(callback),
    getNodeInfo: function(callback),
    getPeers: function(callback),
    importChain: function(),
    removePeer: function(),
    removeTrustedPeer: function(),
    sleep: function(),
    sleepBlocks: function(),
    startRPC: function(),
    startWS: function(),
    stopRPC: function(),
    stopWS: function()
  },
  bzz: {
    hive: undefined,
    info: undefined,
    blockNetworkRead: function(),
    download: function(),
    get: function(),
    getHive: function(callback),
    getInfo: function(callback),
    modify: function(),
    put: function(),
    retrieve: function(),
    store: function(),
    swapEnabled: function(),
    syncEnabled: function(),
    upload: function()
  },
  currentProvider: {
    send: function(),
    sendAsync: function()
  },
  db: {
    getHex: function(),
    getString: function(),
    putHex: function(),
    putString: function()
  },
  debug: {
    accountRange: function(),
    backtraceAt: function(),
    blockProfile: function(),
    chaindbCompact: function(),
    chaindbProperty: function(),
    cpuProfile: function(),
    dumpBlock: function(),
    freeOSMemory: function(),
    freezeClient: function(),
    gcStats: function(),
    getBadBlocks: function(),
    getBlockRlp: function(),
    getModifiedAccountsByHash: function(),
    getModifiedAccountsByNumber: function(),
    goTrace: function(),
    memStats: function(),
    mutexProfile: function(),
    preimage: function(),
    printBlock: function(),
    seedHash: function(),
    setBlockProfileRate: function(),
    setGCPercent: function(),
    setHead: function(),
    setMutexProfileFraction: function(),
    stacks: function(),
    standardTraceBadBlockToFile: function(),
    standardTraceBlockToFile: function(),
    startCPUProfile: function(),
    startGoTrace: function(),
    stopCPUProfile: function(),
    stopGoTrace: function(),
    storageRangeAt: function(),
    testSignCliqueBlock: function(),
    traceBadBlock: function(),
    traceBlock: function(),
    traceBlockByHash: function(),
    traceBlockByNumber: function(),
    traceBlockFromFile: function(),
    traceCall: function(),
    traceTransaction: function(),
    verbosity: function(),
    vmodule: function(),
    writeBlockProfile: function(),
    writeMemProfile: function(),
    writeMutexProfile: function()
  },
  eth: {
    accounts: ["0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e"],
    blockNumber: 231,
    coinbase: "0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e",
    compile: {
      lll: function(),
      serpent: function(),
      solidity: function()
    },
    defaultAccount: undefined,
    defaultBlock: "latest",
    gasPrice: 1000000000,
    hashrate: 0,
    mining: false,
    pendingTransactions: [],
    protocolVersion: undefined,
    syncing: false,
    call: function(),
    chainId: function(),
    contract: function(abi),
    estimateGas: function(),
    fillTransaction: function(),
    filter: function(options, callback, filterCreationErrorCallback),
    getAccounts: function(callback),
    getBalance: function(),
    getBlock: function(),
    getBlockByHash: function(),
    getBlockByNumber: function(),
    getBlockNumber: function(callback),
    getBlockTransactionCount: function(),
    getBlockUncleCount: function(),
    getCode: function(),
    getCoinbase: function(callback),
    getCompilers: function(),
    getGasPrice: function(callback),
    getHashrate: function(callback),
    getHeaderByHash: function(),
    getHeaderByNumber: function(),
    getMining: function(callback),
    getPendingTransactions: function(callback),
    getProof: function(),
    getProtocolVersion: function(callback),
    getRawTransaction: function(),
    getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(),
    getStorageAt: function(),
    getSyncing: function(callback),
    getTransaction: function(),
    getTransactionCount: function(),
    getTransactionFromBlock: function(),
    getTransactionReceipt: function(),
    getUncle: function(),
    getWork: function(),
    iban: function(iban),
    icapNamereg: function(),
    isSyncing: function(callback),
    namereg: function(),
    resend: function(),
    sendIBANTransaction: function(),
    sendRawTransaction: function(),
    sendTransaction: function(),
    sign: function(),
    signTransaction: function(),
    submitTransaction: function(),
    submitWork: function()
  },
  ethash: {
    getHashrate: function(),
    getWork: function(),
    submitHashRate: function(),
    submitWork: function()
  },
  isIBAN: undefined,
  miner: {
    getHashrate: function(),
    setEtherbase: function(),
    setExtra: function(),
    setGasPrice: function(),
    setRecommitInterval: function(),
    start: function(),
    stop: function()
  },
  net: {
    listening: true,
    peerCount: 0,
    version: "523",
    getListening: function(callback),
    getPeerCount: function(callback),
    getVersion: function(callback)
  },
  personal: {
    listAccounts: ["0xd99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e"],
    listWallets: [{
        accounts: [...],
        status: "Locked",
        url: "keystore:///Users/geniusdew/ZLocalRepository/study_code/geth/mychain/keystore/UTC--2021-03-19T05-47-27.991858000Z--d99edf84a65cfe91e82bc6b2c258469fb0cc337e"
    }],
    deriveAccount: function(),
    ecRecover: function(),
    getListAccounts: function(callback),
    getListWallets: function(callback),
    importRawKey: function(),
    initializeWallet: function(),
    lockAccount: function(),
    newAccount: function(),
    openWallet: function(),
    sendTransaction: function(),
    sign: function(),
    signTransaction: function(),
    unlockAccount: function(),
    unpair: function()
  },
  providers: {
    HttpProvider: function(host, timeout, user, password),
    IpcProvider: function(path, net)
  },
  rpc: {
    modules: {
      admin: "1.0",
      debug: "1.0",
      eth: "1.0",
      ethash: "1.0",
      miner: "1.0",
      net: "1.0",
      personal: "1.0",
      rpc: "1.0",
      txpool: "1.0",
      web3: "1.0"
    },
    getModules: function(callback)
  },
  settings: {
    defaultAccount: undefined,
    defaultBlock: "latest"
  },
  shh: {
    addPrivateKey: function(),
    addSymKey: function(),
    deleteKeyPair: function(),
    deleteSymKey: function(),
    generateSymKeyFromPassword: function(),
    getPrivateKey: function(),
    getPublicKey: function(),
    getSymKey: function(),
    hasKeyPair: function(),
    hasSymKey: function(),
    info: function(),
    markTrustedPeer: function(),
    newKeyPair: function(),
    newMessageFilter: function(options, callback, filterCreationErrorCallback),
    newSymKey: function(),
    post: function(),
    setMaxMessageSize: function(),
    setMinPoW: function(),
    version: function()
  },
  txpool: {
    content: {
      pending: {},
      queued: {}
    },
    inspect: {
      pending: {},
      queued: {}
    },
    status: {
      pending: 0,
      queued: 0
    },
    getContent: function(callback),
    getInspect: function(callback),
    getStatus: function(callback)
  },
  version: {
    api: "0.20.1",
    ethereum: undefined,
    network: "523",
    node: "Geth/v1.10.1-stable/darwin-amd64/go1.16",
    whisper: undefined,
    getEthereum: function(callback),
    getNetwork: function(callback),
    getNode: function(callback),
    getWhisper: function(callback)
  },
  BigNumber: function a(e,n),
  createBatch: function(),
  fromAscii: function(str),
  fromDecimal: function(value),
  fromICAP: function(icap),
  fromUtf8: function(str),
  fromWei: function(number, unit),
  isAddress: function(address),
  isChecksumAddress: function(address),
  isConnected: function(),
  padLeft: function(string, chars, sign),
  padRight: function(string, chars, sign),
  reset: function(keepIsSyncing),
  setProvider: function(provider),
  sha3: function(string, options),
  toAscii: function(hex),
  toBigNumber: function(number),
  toChecksumAddress: function(address),
  toDecimal: function(value),
  toHex: function(val),
  toUtf8: function(hex),
  toWei: function(number, unit)
}