第六章 字符串操作【Python编程快速上手】

部分及不熟

# 6.1.字符串字面量
spam='Hello,there!\nHow are you?\nI\'am fine.'
print(spam)
# Hello,there!
# How are you?
# I'am fine.

##原始字符串；在字符串开始的引号之前加上r
spam=r'Hello,there!\nHow are you?\nI\'am fine.'
print(spam)          #Hello,there!\nHow are you?\nI\'am fine.

# 6.1.3 控制付出包含在所有的字符串里边
print('' in 'hello')    #True

# 6.2 将字符串放入其他字符串
#方式1：字符串连接
name = 'Kim'
age = '24'
print("My name is "+ name +",I\'m "+ age +" years old!" )

#方式2：字符串插值，利用运算符% 当做标记
name='Kim'
age='24'
print("My name is %s,I\'m %s years old!" % (name,age))      #引号和%没有逗号，

#方式3：f字符串
name = 'Kim'
age = '24'
print(f"My name is {name},I\'m {age } years old!" )

#6.3.1 isupper()、islower()
spam='Hello,world!'
print(spam.islower())
print(spam.isupper())

print('abcd12345'.isupper())    #False
print('abcd12345'.islower())    #True

print('12345'.isupper())        #False
print('12345'.islower())        #False

print('Hello,world!'.upper())                 #HELLO,WORLD!
print('Hello,world!'.upper().isupper())       #True
print('Hello,world!'.upper().lower())         #hello,world!


#6.3.2 isX()字符串方法
#isalpha()方法，如果字符串只包含字母，并且非空，返回True
print( 'hello'.isalpha() )              #True
print( 'hello123'.isalpha() )           #False

#isalnum()方法，如果字符串只包含字母环和数字，并且非空，返回True
print( 'hello'.isalnum() )              #True
print( 'hello123'.isalnum() )           #True

#isdecimal()方法，如果字符串只包含数字字符，并且非空，返回True
print( '123'.isdecimal() )           #True

#isspace()方法，如果字符串只包含空格、制表符环绕和换行符，并且非空，返回True
print( ' '.isspace() )              #True

#istitle()方法，(首字母大写)如果字符串仅包含以大写字母开头，后边都是小写字母的单词、数字或空格,返回True
print( 'This Is Title Case'.istitle() )               #True
print( 'This Is Title Case，123'.istitle() )          #True
print( 'This is  Title Case'.istitle() )              #False
print( 'This IS  Title Case'.istitle() )              #False

# while True:
#     print('Enter your age:')
#     age = input()
#     if age.isdecimal():
#         break
#     print('Please enter a number for your age.')
#
# while True:
#     print('Select a new password (letters and numbers only):')
#     password = input()
#     if password.isalnum():
#         break
#     print('Passwords can only have letters and numbers.')

#6.3.2 字符串方法 startswith() 和 endswith()
print( 'Hello,world'.startswith('Hello') )    #True
print( 'Hello,world'.endswith('Hello') )      #False

print( 'abcd123'.startswith('abcdef') )       #False


print( 'abcd123'.startswith('abc') )           #True
print( 'abcd123'.startswith('abcd') )          #True
print( 'abcd123'.startswith('abcd123') )       #True

print( 'abcd123'.endswith('12') )              #False
print( 'abcd123'.endswith('123') )             #True
print( 'abcd123'.endswith('d123') )            #True
print( 'abcd123'.endswith('abcd123') )         #True


#字符串方法join()：将字符串列表。连接成一个字符串
print( ','.join( ['cat','dog','pig']) )      #cat,dog,pig
print( '-'.join( ['cat','dog','pig']) )      #cat-dog-pig
print( ' '.join( ['My','name','is','Kim','!']) )      #My name is Kim !
print( 'ABC'.join( ['My','name','is','Kim','!']) )      #MyABCnameABCisABCKimABC!

#字符串方法split()：针对一个字符串的调用，返回一个字符串列表
print( 'My name is Kim !'.split() )                  #['My', 'name', 'is', 'Kim', '!']
print( 'MyABCnameABCisABCKimABC!'.split('ABC') )             #['My', 'name', 'is', 'Kim', '!']
print( 'My name is Kim !'.split('m') )                  #['My na', 'e is Ki', ' !']

##split()常用于按照换行符分隔多行字符串
spam='''Dear Gege,
maybe I have fall love with you,
I very miss you,
I donnot know if you also miss me.'''

print( spam.split('\n') )
#['Dear Gege,', 'maybe I have fall love with you,', 'I very miss you,', 'I donnot know if you also miss me.']


# 6.3.5 使用partition()方法分隔字符串,形成一个元祖
print('Hello,world!'.partition('w'))     #('Hello,', 'w', 'orld!')
print('Hello,world!'.partition('world'))     #('Hello,', 'world', '!')

##如果有重复的字符，以第一个为准进行分隔
print('Hello,world!'.partition('o'))     #('Hell', 'o', ',world!')

##如果找不到分隔字符串，则返回元组中的 第一个字符串就是整个字符串，其他2个字符串为 空
print('Hello,world!'.partition('XYZ'))     #('Hello,world!', '', '')
print( 'abcd  123'.partition('XYZ') )      #('abcd  123', '', '')

##利用多重赋值将三个返回的字符串赋给3个变量
befor,sep,after ='Hello world!'.partition(' ')
print(befor)   #Hello
print(sep)     #空格
print(after)   #world

#6.3.6 rjust()、ljust()
print( 'Hello'.rjust(10) )
print( 'Hello'.ljust(10) )

print( 'Hello'.rjust(10,'-') )   #-----Hello
print( 'Hello'.ljust(10,'=') )   #Hello=====

##center()
print( 'Hello'.center(10) )       #  Hello
print( 'Hello'.center(10,'=') )   #==Hello===


def printPicnic(itemsDict, leftWidth, rightWidth):
    print('PICNIC ITEMS'.center(leftWidth + rightWidth, '-'))
    for k, v in itemsDict.items():
        print(  k.ljust(leftWidth, '.')   +   str(v).rjust(rightWidth)  )

picnicItems = {'sandwiches': 4, 'apples': 12, 'cups': 4, 'cookies': 8000}
printPicnic(picnicItems, 12, 5)
printPicnic(picnicItems, 20, 6)

# ---PICNIC ITEMS--
# sandwiches..    4
# apples......   12
# cups........    4
# cookies..... 8000

# -------PICNIC ITEMS-------
# sandwiches..........     4
# apples..............    12
# cups................     4
# cookies.............  8000

#strip()方法：返回一个新的字符串，开头和结尾都没有空格
#也可带有一个可选的字符串参数，用于指定哪些字符应该删除
spam='   hello,Gege    '
print( spam.strip() )     #hello,Gege

message='SpamSpamhelloSpamGegeSpamSpamSpam'
print( message.strip('Spam') )     #helloSpamGege


#lstrip()
spam='   hello,Gege    '
print( spam.lstrip() )    #hello,Gege

#rstrip()
spam='   hello,Gege    '
print( spam.rstrip() )    #   hello,Gege

# 6.4  ord()和chr()函数的字符的数值
print( ord('A') )   #65
print( chr(65) )    # A
print( ord('A') < ord('C') )
print( ord('A') +1 )
print( chr( ord('A') +1 ) )    # B

# #用pyperclip模块赋值粘贴字符串
# import pyperclip
# pyperclip.copy('Hello,world!')
# pyperclip.paste()
# pyperclip.paste()