复数的四则运算

复数的四则运算

下面的代码是用Java编写的，主要是Complex的四则运算

该类主要负责实现复数的四则运算，加减乘除
每种运算都使用了两种方式，类似a+=b,c=a+b
减法使用加法表示，除法使用乘法表示，
包括取反，和取倒数

1.复数必须包含两个变量，实部（real）虚部（vir）,为方便外界调用，给予对应的Getter和Setter方法，同时，给予四种构造方法，无参，单参，双参，对象参

	private double real;
	private double vir;
	
	public Complex() {
	}
		
	public Complex(double real) {
		this.real = real;
	}

	public Complex(double real, double vir) {
		this.real = real;
		this.vir = vir;
	}
	
	public Complex(Complex complex) {
		this(complex.real,complex.vir);
	}

	public double getReal() {
		return real;
	}

	public void setReal(double real) {
		this.real = real;
	}

	public double getVir() {
		return vir;
	}

	public void setVir(double vir) {
		this.vir = vir;
	}

2.为了实现减法用加法表示，除法用乘法表示，给出取反和取倒

鉴于这两个函数只是为完成减法和除法的编写，所以不打算给外界调用，故使用private

	//取反
	private static  Complex invert(Complex a) {
		return new Complex(-a.real,-a.vir);
	}
	
	/*取倒数
	 *  1/(a+bi)
	 * (a-bi)/((a+bi)(a-bi))
	 * (a-bi)/(a*a + b*b)
	 * 实部:a/(a*a + b*b)；虚部:-b/(a*a + b*b)
	 */
	private static Complex reciprocal(Complex a) {
		if(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir - 0 < 1e-6)	
			throw new DivZeroException("除0错");
			//此处可直接抛RunTimeException()异常，DivZeroException()异常为我自行定义，继承了RunTimeException()
		return new Complex(a.real/(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir),-(a.vir/(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir)));
	}

3.每种四则运算皆有两种表示方式，类似a+=b,c=a+b,下面以加法为例

	//a+=b
	public Complex add(Complex a) {
		this.real+=a.real;
		this.vir+=a.vir;
		return this;
	}
	
	//c=a+b,调用add(Complex a)
	public static Complex add(Complex a,Complex b) {
		return new Complex(a).add(b);
	}

4.重写equals方法和toString方法，输出格式为(real,vir)

@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (obj == null) {
			return false;
		}
		if (this == obj) {
			return true;
		}
		if (obj.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
			return false;
		}
		
		Complex c = (Complex) obj;
		
		return Math.abs(c.real - this.real) < 1e-6 && Math.abs(c.vir - this.vir) < 1e-6;
	}


	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "("+real+","+vir+")";//用（real,vir）格式输出复数
	}

该类完整代码如下：

public class Complex {
	private double real;
	private double vir;
	
	public Complex() {
	}
		
	public Complex(double real) {
		this.real = real;
	}

	public Complex(double real, double vir) {
		this.real = real;
		this.vir = vir;
	}
	
	public Complex(Complex complex) {
		this(complex.real,complex.vir);
	}

	public double getReal() {
		return real;
	}

	public void setReal(double real) {
		this.real = real;
	}

	public double getVir() {
		return vir;
	}

	public void setVir(double vir) {
		this.vir = vir;
	}
	
	
	//取反
	private static  Complex invert(Complex a) {
		return new Complex(-a.real,-a.vir);
	}
	
	/*取倒数
	 *  1/(a+bi)
	 * (a-bi)/((a+bi)(a-bi))
	 * (a-bi)/(a*a + b*b)
	 * 实部:a/(a*a + b*b)；虚部:-b/(a*a + b*b)
	 */
	private static Complex reciprocal(Complex a) {
		if(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir - 0 < 1e-6)	
			throw new DivZeroException("除0错");
			//此处可直接抛RunTimeException()异常，DivZeroException()异常为我自行定义，继承了RunTimeException()
		return new Complex(a.real/(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir),-(a.vir/(a.real*a.real+a.vir*a.vir)));
	}
	
	//加法
	//a+=b
	public Complex add(Complex a) {
		this.real+=a.real;
		this.vir+=a.vir;
		return this;
	}
	
	//c=a+b,调用add(Complex a)
	public static Complex add(Complex a,Complex b) {
		return new Complex(a).add(b);
	}
	
	//减法
	//a-=b
	public Complex sub(Complex a) {
		return add(invert(a));
	}
	
	//c=a-b
	public static  Complex sub(Complex a,Complex b) {
		return new Complex(a).add(invert(a));
	}
	
	//乘法
	//a*=b
	//实部：ac-bd  虚部:(ad+bc)i
	public Complex mul(Complex a) {
		double real1 = this.real;
		double real2 = a.real;
		double vir1 = this.vir;
		double vir2=a.vir;
		this.real = real1*real2-vir1*vir2;
		this.vir = real1*vir2+real2*vir1;
		return this;
	}
	
	//c=a*b
	public static Complex mul(Complex a,Complex b) {
		return new Complex(a).mul(b);
	}
	
	//a/=b
	public Complex div(Complex a) {
		return mul(reciprocal(a));
	}
	
	//c=a/b
	public static Complex div(Complex a,Complex b) {
		return new Complex(a).mul(reciprocal(b));
	}
	
	

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (obj == null) {
			return false;
		}
		if (this == obj) {
			return true;
		}
		if (obj.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
			return false;
		}
		
		Complex c = (Complex) obj;
		
		return Math.abs(c.real - this.real) < 1e-6 && Math.abs(c.vir - this.vir) < 1e-6;
	}

	//输出
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "("+real+","+vir+")";//用（real,vir）格式输出复数
	}

}

下面为测试类，为了便于计算，只调用了双参的四则运算，即类似于c=a+b

在下面的测试类中，我使用Complex类直接调用了四则运算的方法，这种写法是可以的，但有一个前提，直接使用类名调用方法时，要求该方法为静态，即使用static修饰

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Complex c1 = new Complex(1, -6);
		Complex c2 = new Complex(2, 6);
		
		System.out.println("加法");
		Complex c3 = Complex.add(c1, c2);
		System.out.println(c3);
		
		System.out.println("减法");
		Complex c4 =Complex.sub(c1, c2);
		System.out.println(c4);

		System.out.println("乘法");
		Complex c5 = Complex.mul(c1, c2);
		System.out.println(c5);

		System.out.println("除法");
		Complex c6 = Complex.div(c1, c2);
		System.out.println(c6);
		

	}

}

不使用类名调用，add(Complex a,Complex b)就可以不使用“static”修饰。下面以加法为例，代码如下：

	System.out.println("加法");
	Complex c3 = new Complex();
	c3.add(c1, c2);
	System.out.println(c3);

运行结果如下：