Android 自定义View与自定义属性(一)+format值与使用方式

Android 自定义View与自定义属性

  • 继承自View创建自定义控件
  • 测量视图大小
  • 绘制视图内容
  • 如果需要自定义属性,在values/attrs.xml中定义属性
  • 在代码中获取布局中设置的自定义属性的值

1继承自View创建自定义控件

  1. 比如我们先自定义一个View 让他去显示一张图片,首先我们创建一个SimpleImageView 继承自View 定义一些需要的成员属性
public class SimpleImageView extends View {

//  初始化画笔
    private Paint mPaint;
//  初始化 一个资源文件
    private Drawable mDrawable;
//  控件的高度和宽度
    private int mWidth;
    private int mHeight;
    //一个bitmap 对象
    private Bitmap mbitmap;
    private String text;

    public SimpleImageView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public SimpleImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
         initAttrs(attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
    }
}

2获取这张图片

给自定义控件添加自定义属性

//在attr.xml中添加自定义属性集 SimpleImageView 表示自定义属性集的名称  src 表示具体属性的名称 format 表示类型 具体类型在下面会给到
    <declare-styleable name="SimpleImageView">
        <attr name="src" format="reference" />
        <attr name="text" format="string"/>
    </declare-styleable>

布局文件中设置自定义属性的值

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:img="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.administrator.mytext.SimpleImageView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        img:src="@mipmap/h1"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        img:text="医院图片1"
        />


</LinearLayout>

在代码里面获取属性的值


//    获取自定义属性
    private void initAttrs(AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (attrs!=null){
            TypedArray array = null;
            try {
//                通过name  获取属性集
                array = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.SimpleImageView);
//                通过name  获取属性集里面的具体属性的具体值(这里是一个图片)
                mDrawable = array.getDrawable(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_src);
                text = array.getString(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_text);
//                这个方法 是用来获取图片的具体高宽 然后设置控件的具体高宽(类似于设置 wrap_content)
                measureDrawable();
            }catch (Exception e){

            }finally {
                if (array!=null){
                    array.recycle();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void measureDrawable(){
        if (mDrawable==null){
            throw new RuntimeException("src 不能为null");
        }
        mWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
        mHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
    }

3绘制视图的大小

我们要获取到布局文件中设置的控件的大小

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//        一般不这么用,这里图片有多大控件就有多大 在布局中设置控件的大小将失效
//        setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
//        获取宽度的模式跟大小
        int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
//         获取高度的模式跟大小
        int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        int heith = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
//      根据用户设置控件的属性(这里主要是控件的宽高模式和大小 )  绘制出这张图片
                          setMeasuredDimension(measureWidth(widthMode,width),measureHeight(heightMode,heith));
    }

private int measureWidth(int mode,int width){
        switch (mode){
//            这两个模式  wrap_content
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                    break;
//                这个模式 就是 match_parent 或者设置具体的值
                case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                    mWidth = width;
                    break;
        }
        return mWidth;
    }

//    高度  同上
      private int measureHeight(int mode,int height){
        switch (mode){
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                    break;
                case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                    mHeight = height;
                    break;
        }
        return mHeight;
    }

4绘制视图

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        if (mbitmap ==null){
            mbitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapUtils.drawableToBitmap(mDrawable),getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),true);
        }
        canvas.drawBitmap(mbitmap,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setTextSize(50);
        canvas.drawText(text,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
        canvas.restore();
    }

5完整代码

public class SimpleImageView extends View {

    private Paint mPaint;
    private Drawable mDrawable;
    private int mWidth;
    private int mHeight;
    private Bitmap mbitmap;
    private String text;

    public SimpleImageView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public SimpleImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
         initAttrs(attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
    }


//    获取自定义属性
    private void initAttrs(AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (attrs!=null){
            TypedArray array = null;
            try {
//                通过name  获取属性集
                array = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.SimpleImageView);
//                通过name  获取属性集里面的具体属性的具体值(这里是一个图片)
                mDrawable = array.getDrawable(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_src);
                text = array.getString(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_text);
//                这个方法 是用来获取图片的具体高宽 然后设置控件的具体高宽(类似于设置 wrap_content)
                measureDrawable();
            }catch (Exception e){

            }finally {
                if (array!=null){
                    array.recycle();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void measureDrawable(){
        if (mDrawable==null){
            throw new RuntimeException("src 不能为null");
        }
        mWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
        mHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//        一般不这么用,这里图片有多大控件就有多大 在布局中设置控件的大小将失效
//        setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
//        获取宽度的模式跟大小
        int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
//         获取高度的模式跟大小
        int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        int heith = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
//      根据用户设置控件的属性(这里主要是控件的宽高模式和大小 )  绘制出这张图片
       setMeasuredDimension(measureWidth(widthMode,width), measureHeight(heightMode,heith));
    }

    private int measureWidth(int mode,int width){
        switch (mode){
//            这两个模式  wrap_content
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                    break;
//                这个模式 就是 match_parent 或者设置具体的值
                case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                    mWidth = width;
                    break;
        }
        return mWidth;
    }
//    高度  同上
      private int measureHeight(int mode,int height){
        switch (mode){
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                    break;
                case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                    mHeight = height;
                    break;
        }
        return mHeight;
    }



    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        if (mbitmap ==null){
            mbitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapUtils.drawableToBitmap(mDrawable),getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),true);
        }
        canvas.drawBitmap(mbitmap,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setTextSize(50);
        canvas.drawText(text,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
        canvas.restore();
    }
}

6 format值与使用方式

  1. reference:源ID。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称">
    
               <attr name = "src" format = "reference" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

         <ImageView
    
                 Android:layout_width = "42dip"
                 android:layout_height = "42dip"
                 android:src = "@drawable/图片ID"
    
                 />
    
  2. color:颜色值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称">
    
               <attr name = "color" format = "color" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <TextView
    
                 android:layout_width = "42dip"
                 android:layout_height = "42dip"
                 android:color= "#000000"
    
                 />
    
  3. boolean:布尔值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称">
    
               <attr name = "boolean" format = "boolean" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <Button
    
                android:layout_width = "42dip"
                android:layout_height = "42dip"
    
                android:boolean = "true"
    
                />
    
  4. dimension:尺寸值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称">
    
               <attr name = "width" format = "dimension" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <Button
    
                android:width = "42dip"
                android:height = "42dip"
    
                />
    
  5. float:浮点值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
    
               <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
               <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <alpha
               android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
               android:toAlpha = "0.7"
    
               />
    
  6. integer:整型值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
    
               <attr name = "visible" />
               <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
               <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
               <attr name = "pivotX" />
               <attr name = "pivotY" />
               <attr name = "drawable" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <animated-rotate
    
               xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
               android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"  
               android:pivotX = "50%"  
               android:pivotY = "50%"  
               android:framesCount = "12"  
               android:frameDuration = "100"
    
               />
    
  7. string:字符串。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
               <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
    
                />
    
  8. fraction:百分数。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
               <attr name = "visible" />
               <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
               <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
               <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
               <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
               <attr name = "drawable" />
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <rotate
    
               xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    

       android:interpolator = “@anim/动画ID”

               android:fromDegrees = "0" 
    

       android:toDegrees = “360”

               android:pivotX = "200%"
    
               android:pivotY = "300%" 
    

       android:duration = “5000”

               android:repeatMode = "restart"
    
               android:repeatCount = "infinite"
    
               />
    
  9. enum:枚举值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name="名称">
               <attr name="orientation">
                      <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                      <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
               </attr>            
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <LinearLayout
    
                xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                android:orientation = "vertical"
                android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                >
        </LinearLayout>
    
  10. flag:位或运算。

    (1)属性定义:

         <declare-styleable name="名称">
                <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                        <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                        <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                        <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                        <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                        <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                        <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                        <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                        <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                        <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                        <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                 </attr>         
    
         </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

        <activity
    
               android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
               android:label = "@string/app_name"
               android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
               <intent-filter>
                      <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                      <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
               </intent-filter>
         </activity>
    

    注意:

    属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称">
    
               <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
    
        </declare-styleable>
    

    (2)属性使用:

         <ImageView
    
                 android:layout_width = "42dip"
                 android:layout_height = "42dip"
                 android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
    
                 />
    
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