oracle数据库常用的sql语句

• 一,常用的sql

--建表

create table table_name(

id varchar2(300) primary key,

name varchar2(200) not null

);

--插入数据

insert into table_name (id,name) values('aa','bb');

--更新数据

update table_name set id ='bb' where id = 'cc';

 

 

 

--删除数据

delete from table_name where id = 'cc';

 

-- 删除表

drop table table_name;

--修改表名

alter table table_name rename to table_name_1

--表数据复制

insert into table1(select * from table2);

--复制表结构和数据

create table table1 select * from table2 where 1>1;

--复制表结构和数据

create table table1 as select id ,name from table2 where 1>1;

-- 复制制定字段

create table table1 as select id,name from table2 where 1>1;

--条件查询

select id,name(

case gender when 0 then '男‘

when 1 then ’女‘ end ) gender

from table1

二 字符函数

select substr('abcdefg',1,5)substr, --字符串截取

instr('abcdefg','bc') instr, --查找子串



'Hello'||'World' concat, --连接



trim(' wish ') trim, --去前后空格

rtrim('wish ') rtrim, --去后面空格

ltrim(' wish') ltrim, --去前面空格



trim(leading 'w' from 'wish') deleteprefix, --去前缀

trim(trailing 'h' from 'wish') deletetrailing, --去后缀

trim('w' from 'wish') trim1,



ascii('A') A1,

ascii('a') A2, --ascii(转换为对应的十进制数)

chr(65) C1,

chr(97) C2, --chr(十进制转对应字符)



length('abcdefg') len, --length



lower('WISH')lower,

upper('wish')upper,

initcap('wish')initcap, --大小写变换



replace('wish1','1','youhappy') replace, --替换



translate('wish1','1','y')translate, --转换，对应一位(前面的位数大于等于后面的位数)

translate('wish1','sh1','hy')translate1,



concat('11','22') concat 　　　　　　　　 --连接





from dual;







--to_number



--to_number(expr)

--to_number(expr,format)

--to_number(expr,format,'nls-param')



select to_number('0123')number1, --converts a string to number

trunc(to_number('0123.123'),2) number2,

to_number('120.11','999.99') number3,

　　　 to_number('0a','xx') number4, --converts a hex number to decimal

to_number(100000,'xxxxxx') number5



from dual;

六 数学函数

--绝对值：abs()

select abs(-2) value from dual; --(2)

 

--取整函数（大）：ceil（）

select ceil(-2.001) value from dual; --(-2)



--取整函数（小）：floor（）

select floor(-2.001) value from dual; --(-3)



--取整函数（截取）：trunc（）

select trunc(-2.001) value from dual; -- (-2)



--四舍五入：round（）

select round(1.234564,4) value from dual; --(1.2346)



--取平方：Power（m,n）

select power(4,2) value from dual; --(16)



--取平方根:SQRT()

select sqrt(16) value from dual; --(4)



--取随机数:dbms_random(minvalue,maxvalue)

select dbms_random.value() from dual; (默认是0到1之间)

　select dbms_random.value(2,4) value from dual; （2-4之间随机数）



--取符号：Sign()

　　select sign(-3) value from dual; --(-1)

　　select sign(3) value from dual; --(1)





--取集合的最大值:greatest(value)

select greatest(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual; --(9)



--取集合的最小值:least(value)

select least(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual; --(-1)



--处理Null值：nvl(空值，代替值)

select nvl(null,10) value from dual; --(10)

　　

select nvl(score,10) score from student;

七 日期函数

--日期

--年 yyyy yyy yy year

--月 month mm mon month

--日+星期 dd ddd(一年中第几天) dy day

--小时 hh hh24

--分 mi

--秒 ss



select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,

to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') year,

to_char(sysdate,'mm') month,

to_char(sysdate,'dd') day,

to_char(sysdate,'day') week,

to_char(sysdate,'hh24')hour,

to_char(sysdate,'mi') minute,

to_char(sysdate,'ss') second

from dual;



select to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy')year,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mm')month,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'dd') day,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day') week,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=American') week, --设置语言

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'hh24')hour,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mi') minute,

to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'ss') second

from dual;



--months_between

select months_between(to_date('03-31-2014','MM-DD-YYYY'),to_date('12-31-2013','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS"

FROM DUAL;



--next_day

select sysdate today, next_day(sysdate,6) nextweek from dual;



--时间区间

select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')

between

to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and

to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');



--interval 间隔

select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') currenttime,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' year,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalyear,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' month,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMonth,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' day,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalday,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' hour,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalHour,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' minute,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMinute,

to_char(sysdate - interval '7' second,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalSecond

from dual;





--add_months 增加月份

select add_months(sysdate,12) newtime from dual;



--extract

select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month",

extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) " Years" from dual;

三 聚合函数

--count

select count(1) as count from student;--效率最高

select count(*) as count from student;

select count(distinct score) from student;



--avg

--distinct|all

select avg(score) score from student;

select avg(distinct score) from student;

select classno,avg(score) score from student group by classno;



--max

--distinct|all

select max(score) from student;

select classno, max(score) score from student group by classno;



--min

--distinct|all

select min(score) from student;

select classno, min(score) score from student group by classno;



--stddev（standard deviation）标准差

select stddev(score) from student;

select classno, stddev(score) score from student group by classno;



--sum

select sum(score) from student;

select classno, sum(score) score from student group by classno;



--median--中位数

select median(score) from student;

select classno, median(score) score from student group by classno;

四 rownum

--rownum小于某个数时可以直接作为查询条件（注意oracle不支持select top）

select * from student where rownum <3;



--查询rownum大于某个数值,需要使用子查询，并且rownum需要有别名

select * from(

select rownum rn ,id,name from student

)

where rn>2;



select rownum rn, student.* from student

where rn >3;



--区间查询

select * from (

select rownum rn, student.* from student)

where rn >3 and rn<6;



--排序+前n条

select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

select d.* from DJDRUVER d order by drivernumber)t

)p where p.rn<10;



--排序+区间查询1

select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES

)t

)p where p.rn<9 and p.rn>6;



--排序+区间查询2

select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES

where rownum<9

where p.rn>6;--效率远高于方式一

五 分页查询

--假设每页显示10条



--效率低



select * from (

select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p

where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;



select * from (

select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p

where p.rn between 10 and 20;



--效率高



select * from (

select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d where rownum<=20 )p

where p.rn>=10;





--排序+区间查询1（效率低）



select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES

)t

)p

where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;



select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

)t

)p

where p.rn between 10 and 20;



--排序+区间查询2（效率高）



select * from (

select rownum rn, t.* from (

select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES

where rownum<=20

)p

where p.rn>=10;