自定义View入门实战案例详析 | 蜘蛛网DataShowView

初始化

public class SpiderView extends View {

    /*
     * radar   美 [ˈredɑr]  n.雷达
     */
    private Paint radarPaint;//网格画笔
    private Paint valuePaint;//结果点值画笔

    private float radius;//网格最大半径
    private int centerX;//中心X
    private int centerY;//中心Y

    public SpiderView(Context context,  AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {

        //网格画笔,描边
        radarPaint = new Paint();
        radarPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        radarPaint.setColor(Color.RED);

        //结果点值画笔,填充
        valuePaint = new Paint();
        valuePaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        valuePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    }
}

获得布局中心

onSizeChanged()中,
根据View的长宽,
获取整个布局的中心坐标,
以及计算网状多边形的半径,
后续整个蜘蛛网都是从这个中心坐标开始绘制的:

    @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        //计算多边形半径
        radius = Math.min(w, h)/ 2 * 0.9f;
        //计算中心坐标
        centerX = w/2;
        centerY = h/2;

        postInvalidate();

        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
    }
  • 当控件大小发生变化时,
    都会通过onSizeChanged()通知当前控件的大小;
    所以只要重写onSizeChanged(),
    即可在其中计算得知控件的最新大小

开始绘制

绘制的架构

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        
        //绘制蜘蛛网状图
        drawPolygon(canvas);
        //绘制网格中线
        drawLines(canvas);
        //绘制数据
        drawRegion(canvas);
    }

绘制蜘蛛网络

 

 

效果如下:

9125154-b07001b7633c7a66.png

  • 绘制思路:
    利用PathmoveTo()lineTo(),一圈圈画出来;
    需要计算每个转折点的位置;

    9125154-c0f8a1ebb5553f77.png

    (下面angle即为以上所述夹角a)
 float x = (float) (centerX + curR * Math.cos(angle * j));
 float y = (float) (centerY + curR * Math.sin(angle * j));
  • 因为我们共画了6个角,count = 6;
    则每个角的度数为360 / 6 = 60度,
    不过这里注意不要写angle = 60;……
    不然……悲剧如下:

    9125154-ea69a17b256bc77c.png

     

  • 众所周知,
    三角函数以π为基数进行运算,
    下面这行代码才是正解!
    angle = (float) (Math.PI * 2 / count);

实际使用时候具体调整;
根据以上原理,绘制蜘蛛网圈代码如下:

    private void drawPolygon(Canvas canvas) {

        Path path = new Path();

        float r = radius / count; //r 是网圈之间的间隔
        //逐个绘制网的单圈,从第1圈(一个r距离)开始画,直到count个,
        // 中心点(0个r距离)不用绘制
        for(int i = 1; i<= count; i++){

            float curR = r * i;//当前 半径 / 距离中心的偏移量
            path.reset();//每一圈的开始,都要重置

            //从 0度 开始,绘制到  (count-1)* angle 度
            //  < count  ,即 (count-1)
            for(int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
                if(j == 0){
                    //绘制 0度 的点 ,都是 0度 ,同一直线, 同在centerY
                    path.moveTo(centerX + curR , centerY);
                } else {
                    //根据半径,计算出蜘蛛网圈上的每一个点的坐标
                    float x = (float) (centerX + curR * Math.cos(angle * j));
                    float y = (float) (centerY + curR * Math.sin(angle * j));

                    path.lineTo(x, y);
                }
            }
            //画完一圈点之后
            path.close();
            canvas.drawPath(path, radarPaint);//落实绘制路径
        }

    }

绘制网格中线

  • 绘制原理与绘制蜘蛛网圈的原理差不多,
    利用三角函数
    以中心点为线段开始:path.moveTo(centerX, centerY);
  • 再找到各个末端点的坐标,
    用for循环向数个末端点 逐个连线即可:lineTo(x, y);
  • 注意每次画完一条线段,
    需要重置一下路径:path.reset();
    private void drawLines(Canvas canvas) {
        Path path = new Path();

        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            //注意每次画完一条线段,需要重置一下路径
            path.reset();

            path.moveTo(centerX, centerY);//以中心点为线段开始

            //找到各个末端点的坐标
            float x = (float) (centerX + radius * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + radius * Math.sin(angle * i));

            path.lineTo(x, y);
            canvas.drawPath(path, radarPaint);
        }
    }

 

 

效果如下:

9125154-ceb663a9206c25fe.png

绘制数据图

思路:

  • 确定每个数据点的位置;
  • 网状图的每一层网格都应该对应一个数值;
  • 这里简单将最大值设置为6,
    即每一层数值是按1,2,3,4,5,6分布的:
    private void init() {

        //网格画笔,描边
        radarPaint = new Paint();
        radarPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        radarPaint.setColor(Color.RED);

        //结果点值画笔,填充
        valuePaint = new Paint();
        valuePaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        valuePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

        //初始化数据
        data = new double[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
        maxValue = 6;
    }

具体实现代码:

    private void drawRegion(Canvas canvas) {
        Path path = new Path();

        valuePaint.setAlpha(127);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            float percent = (float) data[i] / maxValue;

            tempR = radius * percent;//按比例归一化取值

            float x = (float) (centerX + tempR * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + tempR * Math.sin(angle * i));

            if (i == 0) {
                path.moveTo(x, centerY);
            }else{
                path.lineTo(x, y);
            }

            //绘制小圆点
            canvas.drawCircle(x, y, 10, valuePaint);
        }
        //绘制填充区域
        valuePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        canvas.drawPath(path, valuePaint);
    }

 

 

效果如下:

9125154-698da0ec8f520e93.png

调节网图大小,增加末端标题文本

    private void drawTexts(Canvas canvas) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

            tempR = radius * 1.1f;//按比例归一化取值

            float x = (float) (centerX + tempR * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + tempR * Math.sin(angle * i));

            if (i == 0) {
                canvas.drawText(titles[i], x - 0.1f*tempR , centerY, textPaint);
            }else{
                canvas.drawText(titles[i], x , y, textPaint);
            }
        }
    }
  • 定义与初始化变量这部分就不赘述了,文末附上全文代码,敬请小伙伴们指教观看

 

 

效果图:

9125154-13b14223d44797a1.png

附上全文代码:

public class SpiderView extends View {

    /*
     * radar   美 [ˈredɑr]  n.雷达
     */
    private Paint radarPaint;//网格画笔
    private Paint valuePaint;//结果点值画笔
    private Paint textPaint;//末端标题画笔

    private float radius;//网格最大半径
    private float tempR;//用于计算和设置UI的临时变量
    private int centerX;//中心X
    private int centerY;//中心Y

    private int count;
    private float angle;

    private String[] titles;//某端点标题文本
    private double[] data;//各角数据
    private float maxValue;//最大值

    public SpiderView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {

        //网格画笔,描边
        radarPaint = new Paint();
        radarPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        radarPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        radarPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

        //结果点值画笔,填充
        valuePaint = new Paint();
        valuePaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        valuePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        valuePaint.setAntiAlias(true);

        textPaint = new Paint();
        textPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        textPaint.setTextSize(30);
        textPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

        //初始化数据
        data = new double[]{0.5, 1.5, 0.3, 6, 15, 6};
        maxValue = 6;
        titles = new String[]{"王者农药", "吃鸡", "剁手", "读书", "书法", "民乐"};
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

        //计算多边形半径
        radius = (float) Math.min(w, h) / 2 * 0.7f;
        //计算中心坐标
        centerX = w / 2;
        centerY = h / 2;

        //边数与角度
        count = 6;
//        angle = 60; //The bad operation!!!!!!——别干傻事
        angle = (float) (Math.PI * 2 / count);

        postInvalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        //绘制蜘蛛网状图
        drawPolygon(canvas);

        //绘制网格中线
        drawLines(canvas);

        //绘制数据
        drawRegion(canvas);

        //绘制末端文本
        drawTexts(canvas);
    }

    private void drawTexts(Canvas canvas) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

            tempR = radius * 1.1f;//按比例归一化取值

            float x = (float) (centerX + tempR * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + tempR * Math.sin(angle * i));

            if (i == 0) {
                canvas.drawText(titles[i], x - 0.1f*tempR , centerY, textPaint);
            }else{
                canvas.drawText(titles[i], x , y, textPaint);
            }
        }
    }


    private void drawRegion(Canvas canvas) {
        Path path = new Path();

        valuePaint.setAlpha(127);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            float percent = (float) data[i] / maxValue;

            tempR = radius * percent;//按比例归一化取值

            float x = (float) (centerX + tempR * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + tempR * Math.sin(angle * i));

            if (i == 0) {
                path.moveTo(x, centerY);
            }else{
                path.lineTo(x, y);
            }

            //绘制小圆点
            canvas.drawCircle(x, y, 10, valuePaint);
        }
        //绘制填充区域
        valuePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        canvas.drawPath(path, valuePaint);
    }

    private void drawLines(Canvas canvas) {
        Path path = new Path();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            //注意每次画完一条线段,需要重置一下路径
            path.reset();

            path.moveTo(centerX, centerY);//以中心点为线段开始

            //找到各个末端点的坐标
            float x = (float) (centerX + radius * Math.cos(angle * i));
            float y = (float) (centerY + radius * Math.sin(angle * i));

            path.lineTo(x, y);
            canvas.drawPath(path, radarPaint);
        }
    }

    //!!!!!!
    //排查之后发现问题不在这里,重点是angle的取值!!!!!!!!!!
    //!!!!!!
    private void drawPolygon(Canvas canvas) {

        Path path = new Path();

        float r = radius / count; //r 是网圈之间的间隔
        //逐个绘制网的单圈,从第1圈(一个r距离)开始画,直到count个,
        // 中心点(0个r距离)不用绘制
        for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {

            float curR = r * i;//当前 半径 / 距离中心的偏移量
            path.reset();//每一圈的开始,都要重置

            //从 0度 开始,绘制到  (count-1)* angle 度
            //  < count  ,即 (count-1)
            for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
                if (j == 0) {
                    //绘制 0度 的点 ,都是 0度 ,同一直线, 同在centerY
                    path.moveTo(centerX + curR, centerY);
                } else {
                    //根据半径,计算出蜘蛛网圈上的每一个点的坐标
                    float x = (float) (centerX + curR * Math.cos(angle * j));
                    float y = (float) (centerY + curR * Math.sin(angle * j));

                    path.lineTo(x, y);
                }
            }
            //画完一圈点之后
            path.close();
            canvas.drawPath(path, radarPaint);//落实绘制路径
        }

    }

    //设置标题
    public void setTitles(String[] titles) {
        this.titles = titles;
    }

    //设置数值
    public void setData(double[] data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    //设置最大数值
    public void setMaxValue(float maxValue) {
        this.maxValue = maxValue;
    }

    //设置蜘蛛网颜色
    public void setMainPaintColor(int color) {
        radarPaint.setColor(color);
    }

    //设置覆盖局域颜色
    public void setValuePaintColor(int color) {
        valuePaint.setColor(color);
    }

    //设置边数
    public void setCount(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }

    public void setRadarPaint(Paint radarPaint) {
        this.radarPaint = radarPaint;
    }

    public void setValuePaint(Paint valuePaint) {
        this.valuePaint = valuePaint;
    }

    public void setTextPaint(Paint textPaint) {
        this.textPaint = textPaint;
    }

    public void setRadius(float radius) {
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    public void setCenterX(int centerX) {
        this.centerX = centerX;
    }

    public void setCenterY(int centerY) {
        this.centerY = centerY;
    }

    public void setAngle(float angle) {
        this.angle = angle;
    }
}

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