BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ...

搭建SSM项目过程，在tomcat启动时报错，报错信息：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:172)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.destroyBeans(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1071)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1045)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:993)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:548)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:5050)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5712)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:677)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1912)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

web.xml配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> 
  <display-name>SSM</display-name>
  
  <!-- <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/WEB-INF/struts.xml</param-value> -->  

  <!-- 设置spring字符编码过滤器 -->
  <filter>
  <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  
  <!-- 配置spring容器加载配置文件的位置 -->
  <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  
  <!--  配置struts2 -->
  <filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  <!-- 当struts.xml放在WEB-INF目录下的时候，可以通过以下方式去配置struts.xml的位置 
  <init-param>
          <param-name>config</param-name>
         配置装载struts.xml路径，其中struts.xml放在/src/struts/下 
          <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,../struts.xml</param-value>
     </init-param> -->
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  
  <context-param>
   <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
   <param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.properties</param-value>
  </context-param>

<!-- 定义LOG4J监听器 -->
<listener>
  <listener-class>
org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
  </listener-class>
</listener>
  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  

</web-app>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

根据报错信息翻译过来：在类工厂未被实例化或已被关闭-- 在通过applicationcontent进入beans之前刷新（个人自行翻译，理解为主） 推断应该是spring文件读取的问题，首先检查配置路径：

项目的一些信息

 解决：

 <!-- 配置spring容器加载配置文件的位置 -->
  <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

  </listener>

路径前：添加classpath

ps.classpath 与classpath*：区别:

https://www.cnblogs.com/Ant-soldier/p/5474085.html