【C/C++】如何计算两个日期相差多少天

秋天树下的太阳

已于 2023-12-21 20:57:12 修改

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文章标签：算法 c++

于 2023-12-10 17:56:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aaaa11111112/article/details/134911375

版权

一、计算某一日期距公元元年多少天

首先先写一个程序判断闰年，如果是400的倍数或可以被4整除又不是100的倍数的都是闰年，例如2000年就是闰年，而1900年不是闰年

代码如下：

bool choose(long long year) {
	if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

如果是闰年，则返回真，否则返回假

我们知道平年有365天，闰年有366天，而一年有12个月，大月31天，小月30天，2月要看是否为闰年，则年的天数为：

我们先定义一个自定义函数：

long long day(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
	long long day = 1;
}

其中

long long day = 1;

为储存所有天数的变量

则年天数为：

for (long long i = 1; i < Year; i++) {
		bool year = choose(i);
		if (year)
			day += 366;
		if (!year)
			day += 365;
	}

月天数为：

for (long long i = 1; i < Month; i++) {
		if (i == 2) {
			if (choose(Year))
				day += 29;
			else if (!choose(Year))
				day += 28;
		} else if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12)
			day += 31;
		else if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11)
			day += 30;
	}

最后天数直接加起来，就可以得到总天数

Main函数：

int main()
{
    long long Year, Month, Day;
	cout << "请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
	cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
	long long days = day(Year, Month, Day);
	cout << "距公元元年";
	cout << days;
	cout << "天";
	return 0;
}

但做到这里还不够，如果输入2300 13 90，那么就会出错，所以我们还需要加入一个判断程序，判断日期是否具有合法性，不需要判断年，代码如下：

bool legitimacy(long long year, long long month, long long day) {
	if (month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31)
		return false;
	else if (month == 2||month == 0) {
		if (choose(year) && day > 29 || !choose(year) && day > 28)
			return false;
	}
	else if (day == 0)
		return false;
	return true;
}

如果合法则返回真，反之返回假

同时Main函数也需进行变动，加入：

bool flag = false;
if (!legitimacy(Year, Month, Day)) {
		while (!flag) {
			cout << "输入错误，请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
			cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
			flag = legitimacy(Year, Month, Day);
		}
	}

完整代码如下:

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

bool choose(long long year) {
	if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool legitimacy(long long year, long long month, long long day) {
	if (month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31)
		return false;
	else if (month == 2) {
		if (choose(year) && day > 29 || !choose(year) && day > 28)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

long long day(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
	long long day = 1;
	for (long long i = 1; i < Year; i++) {
		bool year = choose(i);
		if (year)
			day += 366;
		if (!year)
			day += 365;
	}
	for (long long i = 1; i < Month; i++) {
		if (i == 2) {
			if (choose(Year))
				day += 29;
			else if (!choose(Year))
				day += 28;
		} else if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12)
			day += 31;
		else if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11)
			day += 30;
	}
	day += Day;
	return day;
}

int week(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
    if(Month == 1 || Month == 2) {
        Month += 12;
        Year--;
    }
    int week = (Day + 2 * Month +3 * (Month + 1) / 5 + Year + Year / 4 - Year / 100 + Year / 400) % 7 + 1;
    return week;
}

int main() {
	system("color a");
	long long Year, Month, Day;
	bool flag = false;
	cout << "请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
	cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
	if (!legitimacy(Year, Month, Day)) {
		while (!flag) {
			cout << "输入错误，请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
			cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
			flag = legitimacy(Year, Month, Day);
		}
	}
	long long days = day(Year, Month, Day);
	cout << "距公元元年";
	cout << days;
	cout << "天";
	return 0;
}

此外，我们还可以加入判断周几的程序，运用基姆拉尔森计算公式

注意：这个公式需要把一月和二月看成是上一年的十三月和十四月，例：如果是 2004 1 10 则换算成：2003 13 10来代入公式计算

string Week[7]={"一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"};
int week(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
    if(Month == 1 || Month == 2) {
        Month += 12;
        Year--;
    }
    int week = (Day + 2 * Month +3 * (Month + 1) / 5 + Year + Year / 4 - Year / 100 + Year / 400) % 7 + 1;
    return week;
}

因为返回的是数字，所以定义Week数组来转成中文，Main函数也需变动，不过多展示

改进后代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

string Week[7]={"一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"};

bool choose(long long year) {
	if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool legitimacy(long long year, long long month, long long day) {
	if (month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31)
		return false;
	else if (month == 2) {
		if (choose(year) && day > 29 || !choose(year) && day > 28)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

long long day(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
	long long day = 1;
	for (long long i = 1; i < Year; i++) {
		bool year = choose(i);
		if (year)
			day += 366;
		if (!year)
			day += 365;
	}
	for (long long i = 1; i < Month; i++) {
		if (i == 2) {
			if (choose(Year))
				day += 29;
			else if (!choose(Year))
				day += 28;
		} else if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12)
			day += 31;
		else if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11)
			day += 30;
	}
	day += Day;
	return day;
}

int week(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
    if(Month == 1 || Month == 2) {
        Month += 12;
        Year--;
    }
    int week = (Day + 2 * Month +3 * (Month + 1) / 5 + Year + Year / 4 - Year / 100 + Year / 400) % 7 + 1;
    return week;
}

int main() {
	system("color a");
	long long Year, Month, Day;
	bool flag = false;
	cout << "请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
	cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
	if (!legitimacy(Year, Month, Day)) {
		while (!flag) {
			cout << "输入错误，请输入时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
			cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
			flag = legitimacy(Year, Month, Day);
		}
	}
	long long days = day(Year, Month, Day);
	int WEEK = week(Year, Month, Day);
	cout << "距公元元年";
	cout << days;
	cout << "天";
	cout << " ";
	cout << "周";
	cout << Week[WEEK - 1];
	return 0;
}

二、计算两个日期的天数差

如果要计算两个日期的天数差，只需要将两个日期全部化成天数后相减即可

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

string Week[7]={"一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"};

bool choose(long long year) {
	if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool legitimacy(long long year, long long month, long long day) {
	if (month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31)
		return false;
	else if (month == 2||month == 0) {
		if (choose(year) && day > 29 || !choose(year) && day > 28)
			return false;
	}
	else if (day == 0)
		return false;
	return true;
}

long long day(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
	long long day = 1;
	for (long long i = 1; i < Year; i++) {
		bool year = choose(i);
		if (year)
			day += 366;
		if (!year)
			day += 365;
	}
	for (long long i = 1; i < Month; i++) {
		if (i == 2) {
			if (choose(Year))
				day += 29;
			else if (!choose(Year))
				day += 28;
		} else if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12)
			day += 31;
		else if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11)
			day += 30;
	}
	day += Day;
	return day;
}

int week(long long Year, long long Month, long long Day) {
    if(Month == 1 || Month == 2) {
        Month += 12;
        Year--;
    }
    int week = (Day + 2 * Month +3 * (Month + 1) / 5 + Year + Year / 4 - Year / 100 + Year / 400) % 7 + 1;
    return week;
}

int main() {
	system("color a");
	long long Year, Month, Day;
	long long Year_two, Month_two, Day_two;
	bool flag = false;
	bool flag_two = false;
	cout << "请输入两个时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
	cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
	cin >> Year_two >> Month_two >> Day_two;
	if (!legitimacy(Year, Month, Day)) {
		while (!flag) {
			cout << "输入错误，请重新输入第一个时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：" ;
			cin >> Year >> Month >> Day;
			flag = legitimacy(Year, Month, Day);
		}
	}
	if (!legitimacy(Year_two, Month_two, Day_two)) {
		while (!flag_two) {
			cout << "输入错误，请重新输入第二个时间（按照1 1 1格式输入）：";
			cin >> Year_two >> Month_two >> Day_two;
			flag_two = legitimacy(Year_two, Month_two, Day_two);
		}
	}
	long long days = day(Year, Month, Day);
	long long days_two = day(Year_two, Month_two, Day_two);
	int WEEK = week(Year, Month, Day);
	int WEEK_two = week(Year_two, Month_two, Day_two);
	cout << "第一个日期距公元元年";
	cout << days;
	cout << "天";
	cout << " ";
	cout << "周";
	cout << Week[WEEK - 1] << endl;
	cout << "第二个日期距公元元年";
	cout << days_two;
	cout << "天";
	cout << " ";
	cout << "周";
	cout << Week[WEEK_two - 1] << endl;
	cout << "两个日期相差";
	cout << abs(days - days_two);
	cout << "天";
	return 0;
}

希望对大家有所帮助！