Retry装饰器, 类装饰器

这里说类装饰器,就不得不说一个特殊的函数__call__

在Python中,函数其实就是一个对象:

>>> f = abs
>>> f.__name__
'abs'
>>> f(-123)
123

由于f可以被调用,所以f被称为可调用对象

所有的函数都是可调用对象

一个类实例也可以变成一个可调用对象,只需要实现一个特殊的方法__call__()

我们把Person类变成一个可调用对象

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender

    def __call__(self, friend):
        print 'My name is %s...' % self.name
        print 'My friend is %s...' % friend

现在可以对Person实例直接调用

>>> p = Person('Bob', 'male')
>>> p('Tim')
My name is Bob...
My friend is Tim...

这样的话,也就是说我们可以把类写成装饰器

class Deco:    
    def __init__(self, func):       
        self.func = func

   def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):        
        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
@Deco 
def foo(x, y):    
    return x ** y
# 过程解析
fn = Deco(foo) 
foo = fn 
foo(12, 34)

下面写一个在工作中常用的重试装饰器的简单实现Retry

import time
class retry(object):   
    def __init__(self, max_retries=3, wait=0, exceptions= (Exception,)):        
        self.max_retries = max_retries        
        self.exceptions = exceptions        
        self.wait = wait

    def __call__(self, func):        
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             for i in range(self.max_retries + 1):                
                 try:                   
                    result = func(*args, **kwargs)                
                 except self.exceptions:                    
                    time.sleep(self.wait)                    
                    continue                
                 else:                    
                    return result        
        return wrapper