golang 面试一：make和new的区别

new和make都是golang的内建函数，都用于分配内存

make

先看一下make函数的定义

// The make built-in function allocates and initializes an object of type
// slice, map, or chan (only). Like new, the first argument is a type, not a
// value. Unlike new, make's return type is the same as the type of its
// argument, not a pointer to it. The specification of the result depends on
// the type:
//	Slice: The size specifies the length. The capacity of the slice is
//	equal to its length. A second integer argument may be provided to
//	specify a different capacity; it must be no smaller than the
//	length. For example, make([]int, 0, 10) allocates an underlying array
//	of size 10 and returns a slice of length 0 and capacity 10 that is
//	backed by this underlying array.
//	Map: An empty map is allocated with enough space to hold the
//	specified number of elements. The size may be omitted, in which case
//	a small starting size is allocated.
//	Channel: The channel's buffer is initialized with the specified
//	buffer capacity. If zero, or the size is omitted, the channel is
//	unbuffered.
func make(t Type, size ...IntegerType) Type

make 用来为 slice，map 或 chan 类型分配内存和初始化一个对象，跟 new 类似，第一个参数是一个类型而不是一个值，跟 new 不同的是，make 返回类型的引用而不是指针，返回值依赖于具体传入的类型。

new

先看一下make函数的定义

// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,
// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly
// allocated zero value of that type.
func new(Type) *Type

new 用来分配内存，第一个参数是一个类型，不是一个值，返回值是一个指向新分配类型零值的指针

区别

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main(){
	a:=new([10]int)   // a是指针
	b:=make([]int,10) // b是引用
	fmt.Printf("a type: %T, value: %v\n",a,*a)
	fmt.Printf("b type: %T, value: %v\n",b,b)
}

运行结果

a type: *[10]int, value: [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
b type: []int, value: [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]

总结：
new会分配结构空间，并初始化为清空为零，不进一步初始化
new之后需要一个指针来指向这个结构
new分配返回的是指针

make会分配结构空间及其附属空间，并完成其间的指针初始化
make返回这个结构空间，不另外分配一个指针
make分配返回的是引用