Java Object的clone方法浅复制和深复制

1.先谈一下浅复制和深复制，浅复制只会为基本类型新开辟空间，对应于引用类型没进行复制，大概意思就是复制对象和被复制对象的引用是同一个，两个对象修改它们的引用对象属性值会相互影响，那么深复制就是clone时会为引用对象开辟内存，会为新对象指向新的引用

2.浅复制实现

    1）被clone的对象要实现Cloneable接口，否则会抛CloneNotSupportedException异常

    2）重写clone方法，并将访问权限改为public,，不然外界访问不了

3.测试代码

   

public class Student implements Cloneable{
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}

public class Teacher {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

public class MyClassTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("teacher1");
        teacher.setAge(20);
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);
        Student student2 = null;
        try {
            student2 = (Student)student1.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        student2.getTeacher().setName("teacher2");
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(25);

        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
    }
}

运行测试代码可以看到修改student2的teacher属性值，student1的teacher属性被改变，这就是浅复制

下面介绍深复制：（两种方法实现）

第一种方法

 1.首先被引用类也需要实现Cloneable接口，重写clone方法

 2.外围类重写clone方法，显示的调用引用的clone方法

public class Student implements Cloneable{
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student s = (Student) super.clone();
        s.teacher = (Teacher)teacher.clone();
        return s;
    }

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}

public class Teacher implements Cloneable {
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

第二种方法：序列化方式

主要是为了避免重写比较复杂对象的深复制的clone（）方法，也可以程序实现断点续传等等功能

写在流里的是对象的一个拷贝，而原对象仍然存在于JVM里面

在Java语言里深复制一个对象，常常可以先使对象实现Serializable接口，然后把对象（实际上只是对象的一个拷贝）写到一个流里，再从流里读出来重建对象。

这样做的前提是对象以及对象内部所有引用到的对象都要实现Serializable接口，否则，就需要仔细考察那些不可串行化的对象或属性可否设成transient，从而将之排除在复制过程之外

   

public class Teacher implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

public class Student implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public Student deepClone() throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{//将对象写到流里
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
        oos.writeObject(this);//从流里读出来
        InputStream si=new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream oi=new ObjectInputStream(si);
        return (Student)oi.readObject();
    }
}

public class MyClassTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("teacher1");
        teacher.setAge(20);
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);
        Student student2 = null;
        try {
            student2 = student1.deepClone();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        student2.getTeacher().setName("teacher2");
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(25);

        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
    }
}