使用spring框架的时候,在web.xml的配置文件中都会加入如下注释:
<!-- spring --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/spring.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
从上面的配置文件可知,spring容器的加载和创建是从org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener开始的。
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener
ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener接口,大家都知道ServletContextListener是Servlet的监听器,监听ServletEvent,
在加载web.xml的时候,会首先加载Listener,ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener的抽象方法contextInitialized(),contextDestroyed()
spring容器的创建就是在方法contextInitialized()中完成的,如下是contextInitialized()的代码:
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
this.contextLoader = createContextLoader();
if (this.contextLoader == null) {
this.contextLoader = this;
}
this.contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
createContextLoader()方法已经废弃了,会返回一个null,所以实际的创建在initWebApplicationContext方法中完成。
initWebApplicationContext方法的实现:
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
//创建WebApplicationContext
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {//对context进行包装
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);//设置父context
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
//配置和刷新context
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
return this.context;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
throw err;
}
}
首先会进入方法:createWebApplicationContext()
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
//决定究竟创建哪种类型的context
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
}
return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
当前方法会进入determineContextClass()方法
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
//先获取web.xml中配置的CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM即“contextClass”
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
if (contextClassName != null) {//分支1
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
else {//分支2
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
}
在web.xml中我很少会配置contextClass这个配置项,所以代码会走分支2,defaultStrategies的内容是什么呢?
在ContextLoader有如下代码
private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
static {
// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
// by application developers.
try {
//获取DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH路径下的配置文件,然后加载此配置文件内容
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH为ContextLoader.properties,即是org.springframework.web.ContextLoader.properties
ContextLoader.properties内容为:
# Default WebApplicationContext implementation class for ContextLoader.
# Used as fallback when no explicit context implementation has been specified as context-param.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
所以determineContextClass()方法的返回值是XmlWebApplicationContext.class
所以在方法createWebApplicationContext()中,根据XmlWebApplicationContext.class创建XmlWebApplicationContext对象
现在回到方法initWebApplicationContext中去,
然后会给context设置父context,然后配置和刷新context,现在进入方法configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()
方法configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
// The application context id is still set to its original default value
// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
//设置id
if (idParam != null) {
wac.setId(idParam);
}
else {
// Generate default id...
if (sc.getMajorVersion() == 2 && sc.getMinorVersion() < 5) {
// Servlet <= 2.4: resort to name specified in web.xml, if any.
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getServletContextName()));
}
else {
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
}
}
}
wac.setServletContext(sc);
//CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM即是:“contextConfigLocation”即web.xml配置的contextConfigLocation,即spring配置文件的位置
String initParameter = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
if (initParameter != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(initParameter);
}
customizeContext(sc, wac);
wac.refresh();
}
customizeContext(sc, wac);和wac.refresh();做了什么?
customizeContext(sc, wac)代码为:
protected void customizeContext(ServletContext servletContext, ConfigurableWebApplicationContext applicationContext) {
List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses =
determineContextInitializerClasses(servletContext);
if (initializerClasses.size() == 0) {
// no ApplicationContextInitializers have been declared -> nothing to do
return;
}
Class<?> contextClass = applicationContext.getClass();
ArrayList<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>> initializerInstances =
new ArrayList<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>();
for (Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>> initializerClass : initializerClasses) {
Class<?> initializerContextClass =
GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(initializerClass, ApplicationContextInitializer.class);
if (initializerContextClass != null) {
Assert.isAssignable(initializerContextClass, contextClass, String.format(
"Could not add context initializer [%s] as its generic parameter [%s] " +
"is not assignable from the type of application context used by this " +
"context loader [%s]: ", initializerClass.getName(), initializerContextClass.getName(),
contextClass.getName()));
}
initializerInstances.add(BeanUtils.instantiateClass(initializerClass));
}
ConfigurableEnvironment env = applicationContext.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment)env).initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
}
Collections.sort(initializerInstances, new AnnotationAwareOrderComparator());
for (ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer : initializerInstances) {
initializer.initialize(applicationContext);
}
}
首先代码会进入方法determineContextInitializerClasses(servletContext); determineContextInitializerClasses方法代码为:
protected List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>>
determineContextInitializerClasses(ServletContext servletContext) {
String classNames = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_INITIALIZER_CLASSES_PARAM);
List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> classes =
new ArrayList<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>>();
if (classNames != null) {
for (String className : StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(classNames, ",")) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
Assert.isAssignable(ApplicationContextInitializer.class, clazz,
"class [" + className + "] must implement ApplicationContextInitializer");
classes.add((Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>)clazz);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load context initializer class [" + className + "]", ex);
}
}
}
return classes;
}
如上所示:首先会从web.xml的配置文件里查找名称为CONTEXT_INITIALIZER_CLASSES_PARAM(即contextInitializerClasses)的配置项,我们一般不会配置这个配置项的,所以classNames为null,所以如上方法返回为一个空的list,再回到方法customizeContext()中,list为空,所以方法customizeContext()返回值为空。
那么我们就进入最后一个方法:wac.refresh();代码为:
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
}
}
由上面的代码可以知道,context的加载配置项,初始化,创建beanFactory均在此方法中完成。