一、ServletConfig讲解
1.1、配置Servlet初始化参数
在Servlet的配置文件web.xml中,可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。
例如:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-class>
<!--配置ServletConfigDemo1的初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>abc</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>123</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>charset</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
1.2、通过ServletConfig获取Servlet的初始化参数
当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
例子代码如下:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletConfigDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
//定义ServletConfig对象来接收配置的初始化参数
private ServletConfig config;
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
// super.doGet(request, response);
System.out.println("this.config.getServletName()="+this.config.getServletName() );//这行代码输出的是 this.config.getServletName()=ServletConfigDemo1
//获取在web.xml中配置的初始化参数
String paramVal = this.config.getInitParameter("name");//获取指定的初始化参数
response.getWriter().print(paramVal);
response.getWriter().print("<br/>");
// response.getWriter().print(this.config.getServletContext());
response.getWriter().print("<hr/>");
//获取所有的初始化参数
Enumeration<String> e = config.getInitParameterNames();
while(e.hasMoreElements()){
String name = e.nextElement();
String value = config.getInitParameter(name);
response.getWriter().print(name + "=" + value + "<br/>");
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行结果如下:
二、ServletContext对象
WEB容器在启动时,它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表当前web应用。
ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象,因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。
三、ServletContext的应用
3.1、多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
范例:ServletContextDemo1和ServletContextDemo2通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
下面是例子:
继续在web.xml配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
下面是ServletConfigDemo2代码:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletConfigDemo2 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "xdp_gacl";
/**
* ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,
* 可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
*/
ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();//获得ServletContext对象
context.setAttribute("data", data); //将data存储到ServletContext对象中
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
下面是ServletConfigDemo3代码:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletConfigDemo3 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");//从ServletContext对象中取出数据
response.getWriter().print("data="+data);
System.out.println("data="+data);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
我们先运行ServletConfigDemo2代码,然后运行ServletConfigDemo3代码,看看能不能成功取出data的数据:
运行结果如下:
3.2、获取WEB应用的初始化参数
在web.xml文件中使用<context-param>标签配置WEB应用的初始化参数,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>
<!--监听器
<listener>
<listener-class>com.listener.TestListener</listener-class>
</listener>
-->
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/database</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<!-- 这个contextConfigLocation参数是用来加载spring相关配置的标签 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:com/config/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
现在我们要获取<context-param>标签里面的值:,下面是代码:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/*
* 用ServletContext读取整个web站点的初始化参数
* */
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取整个web站点的初始化参数
String contextInitParam1 = context.getInitParameter("url");
response.getWriter().println(contextInitParam1);
String contextInitParam2 = context.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
response.getWriter().println(contextInitParam2);
//System.out.println("contextInitParam="+contextInitParam);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行代码,效果如下:
3.3、用servletContext实现请求转发
编写ServletContextDemo2程序,然后跳转到ServletContextDemo3页面
先配置web.xml文件,在web.xml文件添加以下代码
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
下面是ServletContextDemo2代码
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "<h1><font color='red'>abcdefghjkl</font></h1>";
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取ServletContext对象
RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletContextDemo3");//获取请求转发对象(RequestDispatcher)
rd.forward(request, response);//调用forward方法实现请求转发
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
下面是ServletContextDemo3代码
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getOutputStream().write("ServletContextDemo3".getBytes());
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
效果如下:
成功跳转
3.4、利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件
代码范例:使用servletContext读取资源文件
先配置web.xml文件,在web.xml文件添加以下代码:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo4</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo4</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo4</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
以下是要读取的文件的位置
以下是要读取的文件的内容:
#mysql jdbc
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/library?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username=root
password=123
以下是代码:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制浏览器用UTF-8进行解码;
* 这样就不会出现中文乱码了
*/
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
test1(response);
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
test2(response);
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
try {
// test3();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
test4();
}
/**
* 读取类路径下的资源文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void test1(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//获取到装载当前类的类装载器
ClassLoader loader = ServletContextDemo4.class.getClassLoader();
//用类装载器读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件
InputStream in = loader.getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("用类装载器读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 读取类路径下面、包下面的资源文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void test2(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//获取到装载当前类的类装载器
ClassLoader loader = ServletContextDemo4.class.getClassLoader();
//用类装载器读取src目录下的gacl.servlet.study包中的db4.properties配置文件
InputStream in = loader.getResourceAsStream("com/servlet/test/db.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("用类装载器读取src目录下的gacl.servlet.study包中的db4.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 通过类装载器读取资源文件的注意事项:不适合装载大文件,否则会导致jvm内存溢出
* @throws IOException
*/
public void test3() throws Exception {
/**114115116117118
* 01.mp4是一个1.74G的文件,按道理使用类加载器去读取这个大文件时会导致内存溢出:
* java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
*
*/
try{
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
String filename = "01.mp4";//获取文件名
InputStream in = ServletContextDemo4.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("01.mp4");
System.out.println("test3="+in);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D:\\" + filename);
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
out.close();
in.close();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 读取01.avi,并拷贝到D:\根目录下
* 01.avi文件太大,只能用servletContext去读取
* @throws IOException
*/
public void test4() throws IOException {
// path=G:\Java学习视频\JavaWeb学习视频\JavaWeb\day05视频\01.avi
// path=01.avi
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/01.mp4");
/**
* path.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1是一个非常绝妙的写法
*/
String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);//获取文件名
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/01.mp4");
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D:\\" + filename);
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
out.close();
in.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行,效果如下
四、在客户端缓存Servlet的输出
对于不经常变化的数据,在servlet中可以为其设置合理的缓存时间值,以避免浏览器频繁向服务器发送请求,提升服务器的性能。
在web.xml添加配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo5</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo5</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo5</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo5</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
代码如下:
package com.servlet.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "mytest";
resp.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis() + 48 * 3600 * 1000);
/**
* 设置数据合理的缓存时间值,以避免浏览器频繁向服务器发送请求,提升服务器的性能
* 这里是将数据的缓存时间设置为2天
*/
resp.getWriter().println(data);
}
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
下面是整个web.xml的代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>
<!--监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.listener.TestListener1</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/database</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<!-- 这个contextConfigLocation参数是用来加载spring相关配置的标签 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:com/config/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-class>
<!--配置ServletConfigDemo1的初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>abc</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>123</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>charset</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletConfigDemo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo4</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo4</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo4</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo5</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.ServletContextDemo5</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletContextDemo5</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletContextDemo5</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UsersServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.UsersServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UsersServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/UsersServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>AimServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.AimServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>AimServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AimServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TargetServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.TargetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TargetServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TargetServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TargetServlet2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.test.TargetServlet2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TargetServlet2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TargetServlet2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>