Android 网络管理

系统中对网络的判断和选在是在Connectivityervice这个服务中来处理的，在系统启动的时候会启动这个系统服务：
系统启动完毕后，ConnectivityService在系统启动的时候就启动了。

在android内部，用framework/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中定义了网络的类型：
<string-array translatable="false" name="networkAttributes">
<item>"default,wifi,0"</item>
<item>"default,mobile,0"</item>
<item>"mms,mobile,1"</item>
<item>"supl,mobile,1"</item>
<item>"dun,mobile,1"</item>
<item>"hipri,mobile,2"</item>
</string-array>

<string-array translatable="false" name="radioAttributes">
<item>"wifi,1,1"</item>
<item>"mobile,0,1"</item>
</string-array>


ConnectivityManager定义了向对应的字符串常量：
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = 0;
/**
* The Default WIFI data connection. When active, all data traffic
* will use this connection by default. Should not coexist with other
* default connections.
*/
public static final int TYPE_WIFI = 1;
/**
* An MMS-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
* same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
* by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Multimedia Messaging
* Service servers. It may coexist with default data connections.
* {@hide}
*/
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS = 2;
/**
* A SUPL-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
* same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
* by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Secure User Plane
* Location servers for help locating the device. It may coexist with
* default data connections.
* {@hide}
*/
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3;
/**
* A DUN-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
* same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
* by applicaitons performing a Dial Up Networking bridge so that
* the carrier is aware of DUN traffic. It may coexist with default data
* connections.
* {@hide}
*/
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN = 4;
/**
* A High Priority Mobile data connection. This connection is typically
* the same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but the routing setup is different.
* Only requesting processes will have access to the Mobile DNS servers
* and only IP's explicitly requested via {@link #requestRouteToHost}
* will route over this interface.
*{@hide}
*/
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5;
/** {@hide} */
public static final int MAX_RADIO_TYPE = TYPE_WIFI;
/** {@hide} */
public static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;

public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = TYPE_WIFI;
并设置了默认的网络连接是TYPE_WIFI.
ConnectivityManager的方法是通过AIDL的使用，调用ConnectivityService中的方法来实现的。ConnectivityService继承了IConnectivityManage.stub.

在ConnectivityService内部，定义了两个类来解析xml中的网络类型，类的代码如下：

private class NetworkAttributes {
/**
* Class for holding settings read from resources.
*/
public String mName;
public int mType;
public int mRadio;
public int mPriority;
public NetworkInfo.State mLastState;
public NetworkAttributes(String init) {
String fragments[] = init.split(",");
mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
if (fragments[1].toLowerCase().equals("wifi")) {
mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
} else {
mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
}
if (mName.equals("default")) {
mType = mRadio;
} else if (mName.equals("mms")) {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
} else if (mName.equals("supl")) {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
} else if (mName.equals("dun")) {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
} else if (mName.equals("hipri")) {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
}
mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
mLastState = NetworkInfo.State.UNKNOWN;
}
public boolean isDefault() {
return (mType == mRadio);
}
}


private class RadioAttributes {
public String mName;
public int mPriority;
public int mSimultaneity;
public int mType;
public RadioAttributes(String init) {
String fragments[] = init.split(",");
mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
mSimultaneity = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
if (mName.equals("wifi")) {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
} else {
mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
}
}
}

并通过一下代码，来给网络分配优先级，
mPriorityList = new int[naStrings.length];
{
int priority = 0; //lowest
int nextPos = naStrings.length-1;
while (nextPos>-1) {
for (int i = 0; i < mNetAttributes.length; i++) {
if(mNetAttributes[i].mPriority == priority) {
mPriorityList[nextPos--] = i;
}
}
priority++;
}
}

mNetRequestersPids =
new ArrayList[ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE+1];
for (int i=0; i<=ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; i++) {
mNetRequestersPids[i] = new ArrayList();
}

其中，TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI的优先级最高，其次为TYPE_MOBILE_MMS，TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL，TYPE_MOBILE_DUN，
优先级最低的为TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE。TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE两个网络类型中，TYPE_WIFI大于TYPE_MOBILE的优先级，
在打开wifi的连接后，mobile网络会被关闭。wifi网络连接关闭后，mobile网络会重新连接。在处理网络连接的Handler的代码中有处理：
private void handleConnect(NetworkInfo info) {
int type = info.getType();
Log.d(TAG, "Got Network Connection Succ from Driver nwtype="+type);
// snapshot isFailover, because sendConnectedBroadcast() resets it
boolean isFailover = info.isFailover();
NetworkStateTracker thisNet = mNetTrackers[type];

// if this is a default net and other default is running
// kill the one not preferred
if (mNetAttributes[type].isDefault()) {
if (mActiveDefaultNetwork != -1 && mActiveDefaultNetwork != type) {
if ((type != mNetworkPreference &&
mNetAttributes[mActiveDefaultNetwork].mPriority >
mNetAttributes[type].mPriority) ||
mNetworkPreference == mActiveDefaultNetwork) {
if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
CNE.isCndUp)) {
// don't accept this one
if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Not broadcasting CONNECT_ACTION " +
"to torn down network " + info.getTypeName());
teardown(thisNet);
}
return;
} else {
// tear down the other
NetworkStateTracker otherNet =
mNetTrackers[mActiveDefaultNetwork];
if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Policy requires " +
otherNet.getNetworkInfo().getTypeName() +
" teardown");
if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
CNE.isCndUp)) {
if (DBG) Log.i(TAG, "CNE To support Simultaneous Nws we"+
" will not tear down other nw");
if (!teardown(otherNet)) {
Log.e(TAG, "Network declined teardown request");
return;
}
}
if (isFailover) {
otherNet.releaseWakeLock();
}
}
}
mActiveDefaultNetwork = type;
}
thisNet.setTeardownRequested(false);
thisNet.updateNetworkSettings();
handleConnectivityChange();
sendConnectedBroadcast(info);
}


SystemServer启动ConnectivityService，ConnectivityService启动对网络的监视器。
在SystemServer的run()函数中，启动ConnectivityService的代码：
try {
Log.i(TAG, "Connectivity Service");
connectivity = ConnectivityService.getInstance(context);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
connectivity.startCne();
} catch (Throwable e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
}


在ConnectivityService的构造函数中启动网络监视器的代码：
if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);
WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI] = wst;

mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE] =
new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, Phone.APN_TYPE_DEFAULT,
"MOBILE");

mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS] =
new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, Phone.APN_TYPE_MMS,
"MOBILE_MMS");

mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL] =
new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, Phone.APN_TYPE_SUPL,
"MOBILE_SUPL");

mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN] =
new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, Phone.APN_TYPE_DUN,
"MOBILE_DUN");

mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI] =
new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, Phone.APN_TYPE_HIPRI,
"MOBILE_HIPRI");

mNumDnsEntries = 0;

mTestMode = SystemProperties.get("cm.test.mode").equals("true")
&& SystemProperties.get("ro.build.type").equals("eng");

for (NetworkStateTracker t : mNetTrackers)
t.startMonitoring();

// Constructing this starts it too
mWifiWatchdogService = new WifiWatchdogService(context, wst);
在settings中可以设置网络连接，比如打开wifi，打开bluetooth,设置apn的连接等等，在设置完成后，设置的消息会存在一个数据库中保存，并发送系统消息来广播网络设置的变化。
在网络监视器中捕捉了settings中发出的相应的网络广播信息，
网络监视器中注册了settings中网络变化的信息，有变化会做相应的处理，并将处理的结果存储在NetworkInfo类的一个对象中，在ConnectivityService中通过
public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType)方法可以得知当前networkType类型网络的连接情况。


在app中，我们可以通过ConnectivityManager来获取当前的网络信息，并能指定当前程序需要的网络类型：
ConnectivityManager mCnn = context.getSystemService(context.NONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo mNetinfo = mCnn.getActiveNetworkInfo();
mCnn.setNetworkPreference(int preference);//设定首选网络类型。
假如没有设定，网络类型为系统默认。在wifi，3G网络同时存在的情况下，系统会默认的调用wifi网络，加载wifi的驱动，走wifi网络。


wifi子系统的分析：
初始化
在 SystemServer 启动的时候,会生成一个 ConnectivityService 的实例,
try {
Log.i(TAG, "Starting Connectivity Service.");
ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, new
ConnectivityService(context));
} catch (Throwable e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
}
ConnectivityService 的构造函数会创建 WifiService,
if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
mWifiStateTracker = new WifiStateTracker(context, handler);
WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, mWifiStateTracker);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
WifiStateTracker 会创建 WifiMonitor 接收来自底层的事件,WifiService 和 WifiMonitor 是整
个模块的核心。WifiService 负责启动关闭 wpa_supplicant、启动关闭 WifiMonitor 监视线程
和把命令下发给 wpa_supplicant,而 WifiMonitor 则负责从 wpa_supplicant 接收事件通知。
连接 AP
1. 使能 WIFI
WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由 WifiEnabler 来处理 Wifi 按钮,
private void initToggles() {
mWifiEnabler = new WifiEnabler(
this,
(WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE),
(CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI));
当用户按下 Wifi 按钮后, Android 会调用 WifiEnabler 的 onPreferenceChange,
再由 WifiEnabler
调用 WifiManager 的 setWifiEnabled 接口函数,通过 AIDL,实际调用的是 WifiService 的
setWifiEnabled 函数,WifiService 接着向自身发送一条 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI 消息,在
处理该消息的代码中做真正的使能工作:首先装载 WIFI 内核模块(该模块的位置硬编码为
"/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko" ), 然 后 启 动 wpa_supplicant ( 配 置 文 件 硬 编 码 为
"/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf") 再通过 WifiStateTracker 来启动 WifiMonitor 中的监视
线程。
private boolean setWifiEnabledBlocking(boolean enable) {
final int eventualWifiState = enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLED :
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED;
updateWifiState(enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLING : WIFI_STATE_DISABLING);
if (enable) {
if (!WifiNative.loadDriver()) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load Wi-Fi driver.");
updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
return false;
}
if (!WifiNative.startSupplicant()) {
WifiNative.unloadDriver();
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start supplicant daemon.");
updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
return false;
}
mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
}
// Success!
persistWifiEnabled(enable);
updateWifiState(eventualWifiState);
return true;
}
当使能成功后,会广播发送 WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent 通知外界 WIFI
已 经 成 功 使 能 了 。 WifiEnabler 创 建 的 时 候 就 会 向 Android 注 册 接 收
WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,因此它会收到该 Intent,从而开始扫描。
private void handleWifiStateChanged(int wifiState) {
if (wifiState == WIFI_STATE_ENABLED) {
loadConfiguredAccessPoints();
attemptScan();
}
2. 查找 AP
扫描的入口函数是 WifiService 的 startScan,它其实也就是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN 命
令。
static jboolean android_net_wifi_scanCommand(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
jboolean result;
// Ignore any error from setting the scan mode.
// The scan will still work.
(void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-ACTIVE", "OK");
result = doBooleanCommand("SCAN", "OK");
(void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-PASSIVE", "OK");
return result;
}
当 wpa_supplicant 处理完 SCAN 命令后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知扫描完成,从而
wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
出来这个事件,
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
case SCAN_RESULTS:
mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
break;
WifiStateTracker 则接着广播发送 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent
case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
mContext.sendBroadcast(new
Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));
WifiLayer 注册了接收 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
处理函数 handleScanResultsAvailable 会被调用,在该函数中,先会去拿到 SCAN 的结果(最
终是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN_RESULT 命令并读取返回值来实现的) ,
List<ScanResult> list = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
对每一个扫描返回的 AP,WifiLayer 会调用 WifiSettings 的 onAccessPointSetChanged 函数,
从而最终把该 AP 加到 GUI 显示列表中。
public void onAccessPointSetChanged(AccessPointState ap, boolean added) {
AccessPointPreference pref = mAps.get(ap);
if (added) {
if (pref == null) {
pref = new AccessPointPreference(this, ap);
mAps.put(ap, pref);
} else {
pref.setEnabled(true);
}
mApCategory.addPreference(pref);
}
}
3. 配置 AP 参数
当用户在 WifiSettings 界面上选择了一个 AP 后,会显示配置 AP 参数的一个对话框,
public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen, Preference
preference) {
if (preference instanceof AccessPointPreference) {
AccessPointState state = ((AccessPointPreference)
preference).getAccessPointState();
showAccessPointDialog(state, AccessPointDialog.MODE_INFO);
}
}
4. 连接
当用户在 AcessPointDialog 中选择好加密方式和输入密钥之后,再点击连接按钮,Android
就会去连接这个 AP。
private void handleConnect() {
String password = getEnteredPassword();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
mState.setPassword(password);
}
mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork(mState);
}
WifiLayer 会先检测这个 AP 是不是之前被配置过,这个是通过向 wpa_supplicant 发送
LIST_NETWORK 命令并且比较返回值来实现的,
// Need WifiConfiguration for the AP
WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);
如果 wpa_supplicant 没有这个 AP 的配置信息, 则会向 wpa_supplicant 发送 ADD_NETWORK
命令来添加该 AP,
if (config == null) {
// Connecting for the first time, need to create it
config = addConfiguration(state,
ADD_CONFIGURATION_ENABLE|ADD_CONFIGURATION_SAVE);
}
ADD_NETWORK 命 令 会 返 回 一 个 ID , WifiLayer 再 用 这 个 返 回 的 ID 作 为 参 数 向
wpa_supplicant 发送 ENABLE_NETWORK 命令,从而让 wpa_supplicant 去连接该 AP。
// Make sure that network is enabled, and disable others
mReenableApsOnNetworkStateChange = true;
if (!mWifiManager.enableNetwork(state.networkId, true)) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not enable network ID " + state.networkId);
error(R.string.error_connecting);
return false;
}
5. 配置 IP 地址
当 wpa_supplicant 成功连接上 AP 之后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知连接上 AP 了,从而
wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
出来这个事件,
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
case CONNECTED:
handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,
remainder);
break;
WifiMonitor 再调用 WifiStateTracker 的 notifyStateChange,WifiStateTracker 则接着会往自身
发送 EVENT_DHCP_START 消息来启动 DHCP 去获取 IP 地址,
private void handleConnectedState() {
setPollTimer();
mLastSignalLevel = -1;
if (!mHaveIPAddress && !mObtainingIPAddress) {
mObtainingIPAddress = true;
mDhcpTarget.obtainMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START).sendToTarget();
}
}
然后再广播发送 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent
case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:
if (result.state != DetailedState.DISCONNECTED || !mDisconnectPending) {
intent = new
Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO,
mNetworkInfo);
if (result.BSSID != null)
intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_BSSID, result.BSSID);
mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
}
break;
WifiLayer 注册了接收 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
处理函数 handleNetworkStateChanged 会被调用,
当 DHCP 拿到 IP 地址之后,会再发送 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消息,
private class DhcpHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_DHCP_START:
if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {
event = EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED;
}
WifiLayer 处 理 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消 息 , 会 再 次 广 播 发 送
NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,这次带上完整的 IP 地址信息。
case EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED:
mWifiInfo.setIpAddress(mDhcpInfo.ipAddress);
setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTED);
intent =new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, mNetworkInfo);
mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
break;
至此为止,整个连接过程完成。