安装图形化界面consol/centos-xfce-vnc

直接通过docker hub上的centos镜像安装centos

docker search centos

[docker@localhost education]$ docker search centos
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   5433                [OK]                
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              121                                     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.6.1810 x86鈥  110                                     [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session鈥  91                                      [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   57                                      
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              57                                      [OK]
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      44                                      
centos/postgresql-96-centos7       PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational 鈥  37                                      
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 27                                      [OK]
centos/php-56-centos7              Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap鈥  20                                      
guyton/centos6                     From official centos6 container with full up鈥  10                                      [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names鈥  10                                      
drecom/centos-ruby                 centos ruby                                     6                                       [OK]
mamohr/centos-java                 Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7    3                                       [OK]
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do鈥  3                                       
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t鈥  2                                       
miko2u/centos6                     CentOS6 鏃ユ湰瑾炵挵澧                                  2                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi鈥  1                                       
indigo/centos-maven                Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen鈥  1                                       [OK]
mcnaughton/centos-base             centos base image                               1                                       [OK]
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos7-dev            CentosOS 7 image for GPDB development           0                                       
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev          CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development         0                                       

docker pull centos

[docker@localhost education]$ docker pull consol/centos-xfce-vnc
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from consol/centos-xfce-vnc
aeb7866da422: Pull complete 
c3948401e05b: Pull complete 
4d424b4f2455: Pull complete 
ce55375c3860: Pull complete 
ded4c99659f8: Pull complete 
50cee5e65736: Pull complete 
c14af47ad3e4: Pull complete 
b6fd4b34e8c0: Pull complete 
738e2295aff1: Pull complete 
d75f5e3b00c7: Pull complete 
396b3796f97e: Pull complete 
f484ecf38739: Pull complete 
c963ac501b0a: Pull complete 
0be02427f629: Pull complete 
f4a8501defa7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:785d27ec7508182db3bcfd670d4a92e00297211ab8ee56fa8c573bfc58f5441a
Status: Downloaded newer image for consol/centos-xfce-vnc:latest

安装好centos后

docker中进入容器：

#docker run -it -p 10000:6901 centos:latest /bin/bash

[docker@localhost education]$ docker run -d -P --name face1 consol/centos-xfce-vnc
5f0292067f7df2aad437444d7c741225086576f0046e604855ada7597ce3c042
[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
5f0292067f7d        consol/centos-xfce-vnc   "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   10 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds       0.0.0.0:9001->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->6901/tcp   face1
f32a30e8fdc4        centos:latest            "/bin/bash"              24 hours ago        Up 6 hours          0.0.0.0:10000->80/tcp                            reverent_shockley

#然而我这样进入的时候，却出现下面的问题
[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
5f0292067f7d        consol/centos-xfce-vnc   "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:9001->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->6901/tcp   face1
[docker@localhost education]$ docker exec -it 5f0292067f7d /bin/bash
USER_ID: 1000, GROUP_ID: 0
nss_wrapper location: /usr/lib64/libnss_wrapper.so
bash-4.2$ exit
exit

[docker@localhost education]$ docker run -it -P consol/centos-xfce-vnc:latest /bin/bash
USER_ID: 1000, GROUP_ID: 0
nss_wrapper location: /usr/lib64/libnss_wrapper.so

------------------ update chromium-browser.init ------------------

... set window size 1280 x 1024 as chrome window size!


------------------ change VNC password  ------------------

------------------ start noVNC  ----------------------------

------------------ start VNC server ------------------------
remove old vnc locks to be a reattachable container
no locks present
start vncserver with param: VNC_COL_DEPTH=24, VNC_RESOLUTION=1280x1024
...
start window manager
...


------------------ VNC environment started ------------------

VNCSERVER started on DISPLAY= :1 
        => connect via VNC viewer with 172.17.0.2:5901

noVNC HTML client started:
        => connect via http://172.17.0.2:6901/?password=...



------------------ EXECUTE COMMAND ------------------
Executing command: '/bin/bash'
USER_ID: 1000, GROUP_ID: 0
nss_wrapper location: /usr/lib64/libnss_wrapper.so
bash-4.2$ 

[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                           COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
5f0292067f7d        consol/centos-xfce-vnc          "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:9001->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->6901/tcp   face1

在这里琢磨了半天，以为出错了，过后才知道，这种图形化界面的不是这样打开的

浏览器网页访问桌面地址：http://服务器IP:9000，浏览器中输入http://192.168.1.123:9000/  ，我的docker机器是192.168.1.123

密码为：vncpassword

详细参数及更多使用方法看官网介绍：https://hub.docker.com/r/consol/centos-xfce-vnc/

然后出现了下面的界面：

在该系统中打开终端，下载及安装anaconda3

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/Anaconda3-5.1.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Anaconda3-5.1.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

然而修改环境变量的时候出现问题了，anaconda3存放地址为：/headless/anaconda3/bin

使用语句 vim /etc/profile 修改环境变量

"/etc/profile" E212: Cant't open file for writing

原来是权限不够，回去关闭容器，然后重启加参数--privileged=true

[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
5f0292067f7d        consol/centos-xfce-vnc   "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:9001->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->6901/tcp   face1
[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                                            NAMES
5f0292067f7d        consol/centos-xfce-vnc   "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                 0.0.0.0:9001->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->6901/tcp   face1
f32a30e8fdc4        centos:latest            "/bin/bash"              26 hours ago        Exited (137) 2 hours ago                                                    reverent_shockley
[docker@localhost education]$ docker stop 5f0292067f7d
5f0292067f7d

本来以为重启加上这个参数就好，结果发现run命令是重新生成一个新容器，so我只好重新生成一个容器，然后加上该参数

[docker@localhost education]$ docker run -d -P --privileged=true --name face2 consol/centos-xfce-vnc
502a4392c98098db1c779037e4203c7a410168e66421c25452e32eae6b055ca9
[docker@localhost education]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
502a4392c980        consol/centos-xfce-vnc   "/dockerstartup/vnc_鈥   6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:9011->5901/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9010->6901/tcp   face2

 

最后发现这个centos里除了以下几项是不能修改环境变量的