数据结构-双向循环链表

简介

单链表对应着单向循环链表，即原来单链表最后一个结点指向本来为空，现在指向头结点；双向链表对应着双向循环链表，即原来双向链表最后一个结点的后驱结点为空，现在指向头结点，原来双向链表的头结点是没有前驱结点的，现在双向循环链表的头结点的前驱结点指向双向循环链表的尾结点

Java 实现

逻辑思路

逻辑上双向循环链表只不过是在双向链表上多加了循环这个条件，我们在初始化时候使头结点前驱和后驱都指向自己，其他操作和双向链表都差不多

算法图解

代码实现

// 结点
class Node {
    int data;
    Node prior = null;
    Node next = null
}

// 双向循环链表
public class DoublyLinkedCircularList {
    // 头结点
    Node head;
    
    // 初始化
    public DoublyLinkedCircularList() {
        head = new Node();
        head.prior = head;
        head.next = head;
    }
    
    // 前插法创建双向循环链表（倒序）
    public void createFromHead(int[] arr) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            Node node = new Node();
            node.data = arr[i];
            node.next = head.next;
            node.prior = head;
            node.next.prior = node;
            head.next = node;
        }
    }
    
    // 尾插法创建双向循环链表（正序）
    public void createFromTail(int[] arr) {
        Node h = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            Node node = new Node();
            node.data = arr[i];
            node.next = head;
            node.prior = h;
            node.next.prior = node;
            h.next = node;
            h = node;
        }
    }
    
    // 添加
    public void add(Node n) {
        Node h;
        for (h = head; h.next != head; h = h.next);
        n.next = head;
        n.prior = h;
        n.next.prior = n;
        h.next = n;
    }
    
    // 查询
    public int search(int num) {
        int k = 0;
        for (Node h = head; h.next != head; k++,h = h.next);
        if (num < 1 || num > k)
            throw new Exception("数字超过范围！");
        Node h = head;
        for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++,h = h.next);
        return h.data;
    }
    
    // 插入
    public void insert(int num, Node n) {
        int k = 0;
        for (Node h = head; h.next != head; k++,h = h.next);
        if (num < 1 || num > k)
            throw new Exception("数字超过范围！");
        Node h = head;
        for (int i = 1; i < num; i++,h = h.next);
        n.next = h.next;
        n.prior = h;
        n.next.prior = n;
        h.next = n;
    }
    
    // 删除
    public int delete(int num) {
        int k = 0;
        for (Node h = head; h.next != head; k++,h = h.next);
        if (num < 1 || num > k)
            throw new Exception("数字超过范围！");
        Node h = head;
        for (int i = 1; i < num; i++,h = h.next);
        int e = h.next.data;
        h.next.next.prior = h;
        h.next = h.next.next;
        return e;
    }
    
    // 获取双向链表头结点
    public Node getHead() {
    	return head;
	}
    
    // 双向循环链表的拼接
    public void spliceDoublyLinkedCircularList(DoublyLinkedCircularList dlcl) {
	    dlcl.getHead().prior.next = head;
	    dlcl.getHead().prior = head.prior;
	    head.prior.next = dlcl.getHead();
	    head.prior = dlcl.getHead().prior;
    }
}