Linux Shell脚本应用

1. 文件测试
   • 格式：[  操作符  文件或目录  ]

[root@localhost ~]# [  -d /etc/ssh  ]

[root@localhost ~]# echo $?

0

[root@localhost ~]# [  -d /etc/hosts  ]

[root@localhost ~]# echo $?

1

[root@localhost ~]# [ -e /dev/cdrom ] && echo "YES"

YES

[root@localhost ~]# [ -e /dev/usb ] && echo "YES"

1. 整数值比较
   • 格式：[  整数1  操作符  整数2  ]

[root@localhost ~]# who | wc -l

7

[root@localhost ~]# [ $(who | wc -l) -gt 1 ] && echo "Too many."

Too many.

[root@localhost ~]# [ $(who | wc -l) -ge 2 ] && echo "> = 2."

[root@localhost ~]# FreeCC=$(free -m | grep "Mem" | awk '{print $4}')

[root@localhost ~]# [ $FreeCC -lt 1024 ] && echo ${FreeCC}MB

864MB

1. 字符串比较
   • 格式1：[  字符串1  =  字符串2 ]

                 [  字符串1  !=  字符串2 ]

格式2：[  -z  字符串 ]

常用的测试操作符

[root@localhost ~]# echo $LANG

zh_CN.UTF-8

[root@localhost ~]# [ $LANG !=  "en.US" ] && echo  "Not en.US"

Not en.US

[root@localhost ~]#  read -p "是否覆盖现有文件（yes/no）？"  ACK

是否覆盖现有文件（yes/no）？yes

[root@localhost ~]#  [ $ACK = "yes" ] && echo "覆盖"

覆盖

[root@localhost ~]# echo $USER

root

[root@localhost ~]#  [ $USER != "teacher" ]  &&  echo "Not teacher"

Not teacher

1. 单分支if语句
   • 判断挂载点目录，若不存在则自动创建
2. [root@localhost ~]#  vi chkmountdir.sh
3. #!/bin/bash
4. MOUNT_DIR="/media/cdrom/"
5. if [ ! -d $MOUNT_DIR ]
6. then
7.     mkdir -p $MOUNT_DIR
8. fi
9. [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /media/cdrom/
10. ls: /media/cdrom/: 没有那个文件或目录
11. [root@localhost ~]# sh chkmountdir.sh
12. [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /media/cdrom/
13. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-05 07:18 /media/cdrom/

1. 双分支if语句
   • 判断目标主机是否存活，显示检测结果
2. [root@localhost ~]# vi  pinghost.sh
3. #!/bin/bash
4. ping -c 3 -i 0.2 -W 3 $1 &> /dev/null
5. if [ $? -eq 0 ]
6. then
7.     echo "Host $1 is up."
8. else
9.     echo "Host $1 is down."
10. fi
11. [root@localhost ~]# sh pinghost.sh www.lzzy.net
12. Host 192.168.4.11 is up.
13. [root@localhost ~]# sh pinghost.sh www.aaa.com
14. Host 192.168.4.13 is down.

1. 多分支if语句
   • 判断分数范围，分出优秀、合格、不合格三档
2. [root@localhost ~]# vi gradediv.sh
3. #!/bin/bash
4. read -p "请输入您的分数（0-100）：" GRADE
5. if [ $GRADE -ge 85 ] && [ $GRADE -le 100 ] ; then
6.     echo "$GRADE 分！优秀"
7. elif [ $GRADE -ge 70 ] && [ $GRADE -le 84 ] ; then
8.     echo "$GRADE 分，合格"
9. else
10.  echo "$GRADE 分？不合格"
11. fi
12. [root@localhost ~]# sh gradediv.sh
13. 请输入您的分数（0-100）：89
14. 89 分！优秀