http://www.blogjava.net/os586/archive/2006/10/18/75826.html
/src,/docs,/lib是自己组织的文件结构,/build,/dist是ant动态生成的成品。
/src 源文件:java源,script源,jsp源,xml配置.....
/src/main java源
/src/script window,unix,liunx的执行script,我们的简单只有一个:
run.bat: java hello.ant.HelloAnt
/docs 手写说明文档
/lib 程序所需类库的jar,比如j2ee.jar,mail,jar...
/build 用ant动态生成的构建目录
/build/classes 编译的类文件
/build/docs copy "/docs"的手写说明文档,和ant生成的api文档
/build/lib 放置我们自己的HelloAnt.class打包成品hello-ant.jar
/dist/bin copy "/src/script" 得执行文件
/dist/docs copy "/build/docs" 的文档
/dist/lib 除了copy "/build/lib"下的hello-ant.jar外,
还应copy "/lib"的程序所需jar,这里我们没有。
以上是我学老外的文件组织,大家可以按照自己的爱好组织
我们编写必要的文件:
hello.ant. HelloAnt.java
已有
/src/script.bat
S3+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
@echo off
echo ========================================================
echo 请先设置 Environment
echo .
echo JAVA_HOME: %JAVA_HOME%
echo ======================================================
%java_home%/bin/java -classpath ../lib/hello-ant.jar hello.ant.HelloAnt
pause
E3+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
/docs/index.html 随便写一个手写的文档
hello ant 软件项目手册docs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
访问api文档
/build.xml 配置文件
S4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" ?>
<!--
=======================================================================
hello-ant 项目 ,学习ant工具的第2个build file.
参照ant的jakarta-ant-1.6alpha的build.xml
Copyright (c) 2002 The Neusoft Software Foundation. All rights
reserved.
=======================================================================
-->
<!--
文档结构为:
<project>
<property/> 全局变量的定义
<property/>...
<target name="1"> 任务组(tasks)
<javac></javac> 一项javac任务
...
<oneTask></ontTask> 一项其它任务
</target>
<target name="2">
<javac></javac>
...
<oneTask></ontTask>
</target>
</project>
project代表一个项目,
default:运行到名称为"dist"的target(任务组)
basedir:基准路径。
-->
<project default="dist" basedir=".">
<!--
===================================================================
定义属性(property tasks)
最好把用到的路径呀,名称呀都在这里定义成全局变量
例:定义
<property name="a" value="hello"/>
以后就可以这样用它:
<property name="b" value="${a}/b"/>
现在:b=="hello/b"
===================================================================
-->
<!--主要的系统环境属性-->
<property environment="env"/><!--取window,unix...的环境变量-->
<property name="java.home" value="${env.JAVA_HOME}"/>
<property name="ant.home" value="${env.ANT_HOME}"/>
<!--主要的app环境属性-->
<property name="app.name" value="hello-ant"/>
<property name="app.jar" value="${app.name}.jar"/>
<property name="app.copyright" value=" Copyright (c) 2002 The Neusoft Software Foundation. All rights reserved."/>
<!--app中src的属性-->
<property name="src.dir" value="src" />
<property name="src.main" value="${src.dir}/main"/>
<property name="src.script" value="${src.dir}/script"/>
<!--app用到的lib-->
<property name="lib.dir" value="lib"/>
<!--app的build目录中-->
<property name="build.dir" value="build" />
<property name="build.classes" value="${build.dir}/classes"/>
<property name="build.docs" value="${build.dir}/docs"/>
<property name="build.docs.api" value="${build.docs}/api"/>
<property name="build.lib" value="${build.dir}/lib"/>
<!--app的dist (distribution) 目录中-->
<property name="dist.dir" value="dist"/>
<property name="dist.bin" value="${dist.dir}/bin"/>
<property name="dist.docs" value="${dist.dir}/docs"/>
<property name="dist.lib" value="${dist.dir}/lib"/>
<!--app的docs目录中-->
<property name="docs.dir" value="docs"/>
<!--
定义一组路径以后可以通过id重用这组路径 ,例:
<javac srcdir="src/main" destdir="build/classes">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
</javac>
-->
<path id="classpath">
<!--本项目只有一个java,用不上classpath,这里只是做个例子-->
<pathelement location="${build.classes}"/>
<pathelement path="${java.home}/lib/tools.jar"/>
</path>
<!--
===================================================================
init 准备目录(File Tasks)
主要的目录结构通常是不会变的,一起生成他们
===================================================================
-->
<target name="init">
<!--清除以前目录-->
<delete dir="${build.dir}" failοnerrοr="false" />
<delete dir="${dist.dir}" failοnerrοr="false"/>
<!--准备目录-->
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.classes}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.docs}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.docs.api}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.lib}"/>
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}"/>
<mkdir dir="${dist.bin}"/>
<mkdir dir="${dist.lib}"/>
</target>
<!--
===================================================================
Build the code (Compile Tasks,File Tasks)
===================================================================
-->
<target name="build" depends="init">
<!--编译-->
<javac srcdir="${src.main}" destdir="${build.classes}">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<!--
===================================================================
打包文档(Archive Tasks)
Create the project jars: xxx1.jar and xxx2.jar
===================================================================
-->
<target name="jars" depends="build">
<jar basedir="${build.classes}" jarfile="${build.lib}/${app.jar}"/>
</target>
<!--
===================================================================
Creates the API documentation
===================================================================
-->
<target name="javadocs"
depends="jars"
description="--> creates the API documentation">
<!--copy docs 手册... -->
<copy todir="${build.docs}">
<fileset dir="${docs.dir}"/>
</copy>
<javadoc packagenames="hello.ant.*"
sourcepath="${src.main}"
defaultexcludes="yes"
destdir="${build.docs.api}"
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
windowtitle="Docs API">
<doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>hello ant Docs API</h1>]]></doctitle>
<bottom><![CDATA[<i>${app.copyright}</i>]]></bottom>
<tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" />
</javadoc>
</target>
<!--
===================================================================
Create the distribution that can run (Archive Tasks)
主要是从各目录中把该copy的copy上
===================================================================
-->
<target name="dist" depends="javadocs">
<!--copy bin 执行文件 -->
<copy todir="${dist.bin}">
<fileset dir="${src.script}/"/>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.docs}">
<fileset dir="${build.docs}/"/>
</copy>
<!-- copy lib 文件 -->
<copy todir="${dist.lib}">
<fileset dir="${build.lib}/"/>
</copy>
</target>
<!--
===================================================================
Cleans everything(File Tasks)
例如可以删除build中的文件,留给你发挥吧
===================================================================
-->
</project>
E4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
build.xml多了些,但其实很简单:(注释比较详细可以参照,这里再简单说一下)
一个build.xml包含一个工程的自动化处理的完整xml说明,并且基本由3种东东组成:
<project >
1.全局变量的定义
<property/>
2.任务组
<target>
3.许多单项任务... 像copy,delete,javac,jar...
<task1/>
<task2/>
<task3/>
</target>
</project>