Mockito的使用

1. Mockito简介

    调用mock对象的方法时，不会执行真实的方法，而是返回类型的默认值，如object返回null, int返回0等，否则通过指定when(方法).thenReturn(value)来指定方法的返回值。同时mock对象可以进行跟踪，使用verify方法看是否已经被调用过。而spy对象，默认会执行真实方法，返回值可以通过when.thenReturn进行覆盖。可见mock只要避开了执行一些方法，直接返回指定的值，方便做其他测试。

2. 使用实例

    在maven中引入两个依赖：

 <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mockito/mockito-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.22</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    定义User对象：

package com.jessin.practice.bean;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
public class User implements InitializingBean{
    private int id;

    private Date birthday;
    private String name;
    public User(){

    }


    public int getId() {
        id = 100;
        System.out.println("id : " + id);
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String toString(){
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        try {
            return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(this);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "";
    }

    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(toString());
    }
}

2.1 mock默认值

package com.jessin;

import com.jessin.practice.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

/**
 * Created by zexin.guo on 17-8-20.
 */
public class UserTest {

    @Test
    public void testMockClass(){
        User mockUser = mock(User.class);
        // mock对象不设置返回时object默认返回null，不执行真实方法
        assertEquals("tom", mockUser.getName());
    }
}

    结果：

2.2 mock指定返回值

package com.jessin;

import com.jessin.practice.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

/**
 * Created by zexin.guo on 17-8-20.
 */
public class UserTest {

    @Test
    public void testMockClass(){
        User mockUser = mock(User.class);
        // 指定返回tom
        when(mockUser.getName()).thenReturn("tom");
        // junit测试失败，期待返回tony
        assertEquals("tony", mockUser.getName());
    }
}

    结果：

2.3 verify验证方法调用及调用次数

    定义一个Friend类：

package com.jessin.practice.bean;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by zexin.guo on 17-8-21.
 */
public class Friend {
    private String userName;
    private List<User> myFriends;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public List<User> getMyFriends() {
        return myFriends;
    }

    public void setMyFriends(List<User> myFriends) {
        this.myFriends = myFriends;
    }

    public void printMyFriends(){
        for(User user : myFriends){
            System.out.println(user.getName());
        }

    }
}

    结果：

@Test
    public void testVerify(){
        Friend friend = new Friend();
        friend.setMyFriends(new ArrayList<User>());
        User mockUser = mock(User.class);
        // 如果不设置，返回null
        when(mockUser.getName()).thenReturn("jessin");
        friend.getMyFriends().add(mockUser);
        // 照常打印名字
        friend.printMyFriends();

        // 验证该方法被调用一次
        verify(mockUser).getName();
    }

    结果：

2.4 spy调用真实方法

package com.jessin;

import com.jessin.practice.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

/**
 * Created by zexin.guo on 17-8-20.
 */
public class UserTest {

    @Test
    public void testMockClass(){
        User mockUser = spy(User.class);
        // 指定返回10，原本返回的100被覆盖了
        when(mockUser.getId()).thenReturn(10);
        // 测试通过
        assertEquals(10, mockUser.getId());
    }
}

    结果：