SpringCloud相关组件介绍入门

SpringBoot、SpringCloud版本选择

  1. SpringCloud(Hoxton)、SpringCloud Alibaba 2.1.0
  2. SpringBoot 2.2.X
  3. java8
  4. maven 3.5+
  5. mysql 5.7+
    详细的版本对应请查看官网。

SpringCloud相关组件的升级和替换
SpringCloud相关组件的升级和替换

创建工程步骤(IDEA)

IDEA工具的设置:字符编码(UTF-8)、java编译版本、file type过滤

  1. new project - maven - maven-archetype-site
  2. 改pom文件
  3. 写YML
  4. 主启动
  5. 业务类
  6. 测试

一、Cloud Alibaba Nacos(Naming + Configuration) 服务注册和配置中心

1、安装运行Nacos
  1. 官网下载地址:https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases
  2. 解压文件,在bin目录下cmd运行starup.cmd
  3. 运行成功后访问 : http:localhost:8848/nacos 用户名/密码 : nacos
2、微服务中配置nacos即可讲服务注册到nacos,详细内容参2
3、持久化配置
  1. Nacos默认自带的是嵌入式数据库Derby
  2. nacos-server-1.1.4\nacos\conf目录下找到sql脚本,nacos-mysql.sql ,执行脚本
  3. nacos-server-1.1.4\nacos\conf目录下找到application.properties
spring.datasource.platform=mysql
 
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos_config?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=root
db.password=123456
  1. 启动/重启Nacos
4、配置中心(TODO)
5、Linux下配置nacos集群(TODO)

二、OpenFeign服务接口调用 (接口 + 注解@FeignClient)

1、 使用步骤:pom-启动类(@EnableFeignClient)- 接口 @FeignClient(value=“服务提供者”),详细见下:服务消费者
2、超时控制:OpenFeign默认等待一秒,超时报错,可在YML中配置

三、父工程

pom文件

    <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            // 引入Alibab 
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.47</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.16</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

四、微服务创建

1、服务提供者payment8001

pom文件

    <dependencies>
            <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

YML文件

 
server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/XXX?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: XXXXXX

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml  
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包


主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

业务类:
建表Sql:

 
CREATE TABLE `payment` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  `serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8


entities:

//实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable
{
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}
//json 封装统一返回结果
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T>
{
    private Integer code;
    private String  message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message)
    {
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

dao:

@Mapper  //import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
public interface PaymentDao
{
    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
// Mybatis映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >

<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        INSERT INTO payment(SERIAL) VALUES(#{serial});
    </insert>

    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
        SELECT * FROM payment WHERE id=#{id};
    </select>

</mapper>


 
 


service:

// 接口
public interface PaymentService
{
    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);

}
// 接口实现类
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;


    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment)
    {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id)
    {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

controller:

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment)
    {
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入操作返回结果:" + result);

        if(result > 0)
        {
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*****查询结果:{}",payment);
        if (payment != null) {
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID: "+id,null);
        }
    }

	// 测试OpenFeign的超时
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
    public String paymentFeignTimeOut()
    {
        System.out.println("*****paymentFeignTimeOut from port: "+serverPort);
        //暂停几秒钟线程
        try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
        return serverPort;
    }

}

2、服务提供者payment8002 同上(集群)

3、服务消费者order80

pom

    <dependencies>
            <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
                <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactI`在这里插入代码片`d>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

YML

 
server:
  port: 80
 
spring:
 application:
   name: nacos-order-consumer
 cloud:
   nacos:
     discovery:
       server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

#设置feign客户端超时时间(OpenFeign默认支持ribbon)
ribbon:
#指的是建立连接所用的时间,适用于网络状况正常的情况下,两端连接所用的时间
  ReadTimeout: 5000
#指的是建立连接后从服务器读取到可用资源所用的时间
  ConnectTimeout: 5000

主启动类

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp80
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp80.class,args);
    }
}

业务类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable
{
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

service

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface PaymentFeignService
{
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);


    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
    String paymentFeignTimeOut();
}	
controller
```java
@RestController
public class OrderController
{
        @Resource
    private PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
    }
   @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/feign/timeout")
    public String paymentFeignTimeOut()
    {
        return paymentFeignService.paymentFeignTimeOut();
    
}
 

五、GateWay网关

在这里插入图片描述

web请求,通过一些匹配条件,定位到真正的服务节点。并在这个转发过程的前后,进行一些精细化控制。predicate就是我们的匹配条件;而filter,就可以理解为一个无所不能的拦截器。有了这两个元素,再加上目标uri,就可以实现一个具体的路由了

1、路由

路由是构建网关的基本模块,它由ID,目标URI,一系列的断言和过滤器组成,如果断言为true则匹配该路由

2、断言

开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容(例如请求头或请求参数),如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由

3、过滤

指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例,使用过滤器,可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。

4、使用入门

  1. 新建一个module:gateway9527
  2. pom文件

    <dependencies>
        <!--gateway-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka-client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基础配置类-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

  1. yml
server:
  port: 9527

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
   	nacos:
       discovery:
       server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
  	gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能
        	lower-case-service-id: true #使用小写服务名,默认是大写
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #payment_route #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
          uri: lb://cloud-provider-payment #匹配后的目标服务地址,供服务的路由地址
          #uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          filters:
            - AddRequestParameter=X-Request-Id,1024 #过滤器工厂会在匹配的请求头加上一对请求头,名称为X-Request-Id值为1024
          predicates:
            - Path=/paymentInfo/**        # 断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
            - Method=GET,POST
  	
  1. 主启动
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GateWayMain9527
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(GateWayMain9527.class,args);
    }
}

六、sentinel实现熔断与限流(TODO)

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