一、采用synchronized锁以及wait notify方法实现
1.wait()的作用是让当前线程进入等待状态,同时,wait()也会让当前线程释放它所持有的锁。“直到其他线程调用此对象的 notify() 方法或 notifyAll() 方法”,当前线程被唤醒(进入“就绪状态”)
2.notify()和notifyAll()的作用,则是唤醒当前对象上的等待线程;notify()是唤醒单个线程,而notifyAll()是唤醒所有的线程。
3.wait(long timeout)让当前线程处于“等待(阻塞)状态”,“直到其他线程调用此对象的notify()方法或 notifyAll() 方法,或者超过指定的时间量”,当前线程被唤醒(进入“就绪状态”)。
//主类
public class WaitAndNotify {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者一", person)).start();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者二", person)).start();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者三", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者一", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者二", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者 三", person)).start();
}
}
//生产者
public class Producer implements Runnable {
private Person person;
private String producerName;
public Producer(String producerName, Person person) {
this.producerName = producerName;
this.person = person;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
try {
person.produce();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//消费者
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Person person;
private String consumerName;
public Consumer(String consumerName, Person person) {
this.consumerName = consumerName;
this.person = person;
}
public void run()
{
while(true) {
try
{
person.consume();
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//Person 类
public class Person {
private int foodNum = 0;
private Object synObject = new Object();
private final int MAX_NUM = 10;
public void produce() throws InterruptedException
{
synchronized (synObject) {
while(foodNum == MAX_NUM)
{
System.out.println("ThreadId: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " box is full, size = " + foodNum);
synObject.wait();
}
foodNum++;
System.out.println("produce success foodNum = " + foodNum);
synObject.notifyAll();
}
}
public void consume() throws InterruptedException
{
synchronized (synObject) {
while(foodNum == 0) {
System.out.println("ThreadId: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " box is empty, size = " + foodNum);
synObject.wait();
}
foodNum--;
System.out.println("consume success foodNum = " + foodNum);
synObject.notifyAll();
}
}
}
二、采用Lock锁以及await和signal方法是实现
//主类
public class AwaitAndSignal{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者一", person)).start();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者二", person)).start();
new Thread(new Consumer("消费者三", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者一", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者二", person)).start();
new Thread(new Producer("生产者 三", person)).start();
}
}
//生产者
public class Producer implements Runnable {
private Person person;
private String producerName;
public Producer(String producerName, Person person) {
this.producerName = producerName;
this.person = person;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
try {
person.produce();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//消费者
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Person person;
private String consumerName;
public Consumer(String consumerName, Person person) {
this.consumerName = consumerName;
this.person = person;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
person.consume();
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//Person 类
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Person {
private int foodNum = 0;
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
private final int MAX_NUM = 10;
public void produce() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(foodNum == MAX_NUM)
{
System.out.println("ThreadId: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " box is full, size = " + foodNum);
condition.await();
}
foodNum++;
System.out.println("produce success foodNum = " + foodNum);
condition.signalAll();
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void consume() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(foodNum == 0) {
System.out.println("ThreadId: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " box is empty, size = " + foodNum);
condition.await();
}
foodNum--;
System.out.println("consume success foodNum = " + foodNum);
condition.signalAll();
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
三。下面是用ConcurrentLinkedQueue实现的, 我觉得是有bug的,先放在这里。
非阻塞队列
基于链接节点的、无界的、线程安全。此队列按照 FIFO(先进先出)原则对元素进行排序。队列的头部 是队列中时间最长的元素。队列的尾部 是队列中时间最短的元素。新的元素插入到队列的尾部,队列检索操作从队列头部获得元素。当许多线程共享访问一个公共 collection 时,ConcurrentLinkedQueue 是一个恰当的选择。此队列不允许 null 元素。
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class NoBlockQueue {
private static ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer>();
private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//private static Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6);
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer1"));
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer2"));
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer3"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer1"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer2"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer3"));
}
static class Producer implements Runnable {
private String name;
int cnt = 0;
public Producer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
System.out.println(name + " start producer " + cnt + " " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
concurrentLinkedQueue.add(cnt++);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
static class Consumer implements Runnable {
private String name;
public Consumer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
while(true)
{
//我觉得这里是有bug, 可能一个线程判断不空,但是取的时候已经为空了,如果给concurrentLinkedQueue加锁有限制了并发!
if(concurrentLinkedQueue.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("concurrentLinkedQueue is empty!");
} else {
System.out.println(name + " Consumer " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll());
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
四。利用LinkedBlockingQueue实现生产者消费者问题。
按 FIFO(先进先出)排序元素。队列的头部 是在队列中时间最长的元素。队列的尾部 是在队列中时间最短的元素。新元素插入到队列的尾部,并且队列检索操作会获得位于队列头部的元素。链接队列的吞吐量通常要高于基于数组的队列,但是在大多数并发应用程序中,其可预知的性能要低。
注意:
1、必须要使用take()方法在获取的时候达成阻塞结果
2、使用poll()方法将产生非阻塞效果
public class BlockingQueue{
//阻塞队列,FIFO
private static LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> concurrentLinkedQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6);
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer1"));
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer2"));
executorService.submit(new Producer("producer3"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer1"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer2"));
executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer3"));
}
static class Producer implements Runnable {
private String name;
int cnt = 0;
public Producer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
System.out.println(name+ " 生产: " + cnt);
//concurrentLinkedQueue.add(i);
try {
concurrentLinkedQueue.put(cnt++);
Thread.sleep(3000); //模拟慢速的生产,产生阻塞的效果
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
static class Consumer implements Runnable {
private String name;
public Consumer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
try {
//必须要使用take()方法在获取的时候阻塞
System.out.println(name+"消费: " + concurrentLinkedQueue.take());
Thread.sleep(2000);
//使用poll()方法 将产生非阻塞效果
//System.out.println(name+"消费: " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll());
//还有一个超时的用法,队列空时,指定阻塞时间后返回,不会一直阻塞
//System.out.println(name+" Consumer " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll(300, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
在并发编程中,一般推荐使用阻塞队列,这样实现可以尽量地避免程序出现意外的错误。阻塞队列使用最经典的场景就是socket客户端数据的读取和解析,读取数据的线程不断将数据放入队列,然后解析线程不断从队列取数据解析。还有其他类似的场景,只要符合生产者-消费者模型的都可以使用阻塞队列。
使用非阻塞队列,虽然能即时返回结果(消费结果),但必须自行编码解决返回为空的情况处理(以及消费重试等问题)。
另外他们都是线程安全的,不用考虑线程同步问题。