10.怎么完成维护模式keepalived切换？
问题：我们一般进行主从切换测试时都是关闭keepalived或关闭网卡接口，有没有一种方法能实现在不关闭keepalived下或网卡接口来实现维护呢？方法肯定是有的，在keepalived新版本中，支持脚本vrrp_srcipt，具体如何使用大家可以man keepalived.conf查看。下面我们来演示一下具体怎么实现。
(1).定义脚本
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vrrp_srcipt chk_schedown {
script
"[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
#监控间隔
weight -5
#减小优先级
fall 2
#监控失败次数
rise 1
#监控成功次数
}
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(2).执行脚本
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track_script {
chk_schedown
#执行chk_schedown脚本
}
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(3).修改配置文件
master:
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[root@master ~]
# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
15251076067@163.com
}
notification_email_from root
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
#定义vrrp执行脚本
script
"[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
#查看是否有down文件，有就进入维护模式
interval 1
#监控间隔时间
weight -5
#降低优先级
fall 2
#失败次数
rise 1
#成功数次
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.18.200
}
track_script {
#执行脚本
chk_schedown
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
}
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slave:
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[root@slave ~]
# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
15251076067@163.com
}
notification_email_from root
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
script
"[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.18.200
}
track_script {
chk_schedown
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
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(4).测试
master:
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[root@master keepalived]
# touch down #新建一下down文件
[root@master keepalived]
# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 22 13:39 down
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1317 8月 22 13:35 keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]
# tail -f /var/log/messages #查看一下日志
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0
for
192.168.18.200
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.18.200 added
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.18.200 removed
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: SMTP alert successfully sent.
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: SMTP alert successfully sent.
^C
[root@master keepalived]
# ip add show #查看VIP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:4b:a1:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.208
/24
brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:a185
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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slave:
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[root@slave ~]
# ip addr show #查看一下VIP已转移到slave上
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:f9:e6:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.207
/24
brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.18.200
/32
scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:e626
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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好了，自写监测脚本，完成维护模式切换，到这里就演示成功，下面我们来解决最后一个问题，就是keepalived主从切换的邮件通告。
11.如何在keepalived故障时(或主备切换时)，发送警告邮件给指定的管理员？
(1).keepalived通知脚本进阶示例
下面的脚本可以接受选项，其中
-
-s, --service SERVICE,...：指定服务脚本名称，当状态切换时可自动启动、重启或关闭此服务；
-
-a, --address VIP: 指定相关虚拟路由器的VIP地址；
-
-m, --mode {mm|mb}：指定虚拟路由的模型，mm表示主主，mb表示主备；它们表示相对于同一种服务而方，其VIP的工作类型；
-
-n, --notify {master|backup|fault}：指定通知的类型，即vrrp角色切换的目标角色；
-
-h, --help：获取脚本的使用帮助；
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#!/bin/bash
# Author: freeloda
# description: An example of notify script
# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode {mm|mb} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP -n|--notify {master|backup|falut} -h|--help
contact=
'1521076067@163.com'
helpflag=0
serviceflag=0
modeflag=0
addressflag=0
notifyflag=0
Usage() {
echo
"Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP> <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>"
echo
"Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"
}
ParseOptions() {
local
I=1;
if
[ $
# -gt 0 ]; then
while
[ $I -
le
$
# ]; do
case
$1
in
-s|--service)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
serviceflag=1
services=(`
echo
$2|
awk
-F
","
'{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) print $i}'
`)
shift
2 ;;
-h|--help)
helpflag=1
return
0
shift
;;
-a|--address)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
addressflag=1
vip=$2
shift
2
;;
-m|--mode)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
mode=$2
shift
2
;;
-n|--notify)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
notifyflag=1
notify=$2
shift
2
;;
*)
echo
"Wrong options..."
Usage
return
7
;;
esac
done
return
0
fi
}
#workspace=$(dirname $0)
RestartService() {
if
[ ${
#@} -gt 0 ]; then
for
I
in
$@;
do
if
[ -x
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I ];
then
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I restart
else
echo
"$I is not a valid service..."
fi
done
fi
}
StopService() {
if
[ ${
#@} -gt 0 ]; then
for
I
in
$@;
do
if
[ -x
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I ];
then
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I stop
else
echo
"$I is not a valid service..."
fi
done
fi
}
Notify() {
mailsubject=
"`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody=
"`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`, vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1."
echo
$mailbody | mail -s
"$mailsubject"
$contact
}
# Main Function
ParseOptions $@
[ $? -
ne
0 ] && Usage &&
exit
5
[ $helpflag -
eq
1 ] && Usage &&
exit
0
if
[ $addressflag -
ne
1 -o $notifyflag -
ne
1 ];
then
Usage
exit
2
fi
mode=${mode:-mb}
case
$notify
in
'master'
)
if
[ $serviceflag -
eq
1 ];
then
RestartService ${services[*]}
fi
Notify master
;;
'backup'
)
if
[ $serviceflag -
eq
1 ];
then
if
[
"$mode"
==
'mb'
];
then
StopService ${services[*]}
else
RestartService ${services[*]}
fi
fi
Notify backup
;;
'fault'
)
Notify fault
;;
*)
Usage
exit
4
;;
esac
|
(2).在keepalived.conf配置文件中，其调用方法如下所示：
-
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"
-
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"
-
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"
(3).修改配置文件
master:
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[root@master keepalived]
# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
15251076067@163.com
}
notification_email_from root
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
script
"[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.18.200
}
track_script {
chk_schedown
}
#增加以下三行
notify_master
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"
notify_backup
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"
notify_fault
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
}
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slave:
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[root@slave keepalived]
# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
15251076067@163.com
}
notification_email_from root
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
script
"[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.18.200
}
track_script {
chk_schedown
}
#增加以下三行
notify_master
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"
notify_backup
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"
notify_fault
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
}
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(4).增加脚本
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[root@slave keepalived]
# pwd
/etc/keepalived
[root@slave keepalived]
# vim notify.sh
[root@slave keepalived]
# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author: freeloda
# description: An example of notify script
# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode {mm|mb} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP -n|--notify {master|backup|falut} -h|--help
contact=
'15251076067@163.com'
helpflag=0
serviceflag=0
modeflag=0
addressflag=0
notifyflag=0
Usage() {
echo
"Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP> <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>"
echo
"Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"
}
ParseOptions() {
local
I=1;
if
[ $
# -gt 0 ]; then
while
[ $I -
le
$
# ]; do
case
$1
in
-s|--service)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
serviceflag=1
services=(`
echo
$2|
awk
-F
","
'{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) print $i}'
`)
shift
2 ;;
-h|--help)
helpflag=1
return
0
shift
;;
-a|--address)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
addressflag=1
vip=$2
shift
2
;;
-m|--mode)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
mode=$2
shift
2
;;
-n|--notify)
[ $
# -lt 2 ] && return 3
notifyflag=1
notify=$2
shift
2
;;
*)
echo
"Wrong options..."
Usage
return
7
;;
esac
done
return
0
fi
}
#workspace=$(dirname $0)
RestartService() {
if
[ ${
#@} -gt 0 ]; then
for
I
in
$@;
do
if
[ -x
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I ];
then
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I restart
else
echo
"$I is not a valid service..."
fi
done
fi
}
StopService() {
if
[ ${
#@} -gt 0 ]; then
for
I
in
$@;
do
if
[ -x
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I ];
then
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/$I stop
else
echo
"$I is not a valid service..."
fi
done
fi
}
Notify() {
mailsubject=
"`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody=
"`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`, vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1."
echo
$mailbody | mail -s
"$mailsubject"
$contact
}
# Main Function
ParseOptions $@
[ $? -
ne
0 ] && Usage &&
exit
5
[ $helpflag -
eq
1 ] && Usage &&
exit
0
if
[ $addressflag -
ne
1 -o $notifyflag -
ne
1 ];
then
Usage
exit
2
fi
mode=${mode:-mb}
case
$notify
in
'master'
)
if
[ $serviceflag -
eq
1 ];
then
RestartService ${services[*]}
fi
Notify master
;;
'backup'
)
if
[ $serviceflag -
eq
1 ];
then
if
[
"$mode"
==
'mb'
];
then
StopService ${services[*]}
else
RestartService ${services[*]}
fi
fi
Notify backup
;;
'fault'
)
Notify fault
;;
*)
Usage
exit
4
;;
esac
|
(5).给脚本增加执行权限
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1
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[root@slave keepalived]
# chmod +x notify.sh
|
(6).将master上脚本复制到slave上
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1
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[root@slave keepalived]
# scp -p notify.sh root@192.168.18.207:/etc/keepalived/
|
(7).测试一下脚本
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[root@slave keepalived]
# ./notify.sh -h
Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP> <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>
Usage: notify.sh -h|--help
[root@slave keepalived]
# ./notify.sh --help
Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP> <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>
Usage: notify.sh -h|--help
[root@slave keepalived]
# ./notify.sh -m mb -a 1.1.1.1 -n master
|
(8).查看一下邮件
注，大家可以看到成功收到邮件，测试成功。在模拟故障时先重启一下keepalived服务。
(9).模拟故障
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[root@master keepalived]
# ip addr show #查看一下VIP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:4b:a1:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.208
/24
brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.18.200
/32
scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:a185
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master keepalived]
# touch down #进入维护模式
[root@master keepalived]
# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 22 14:39 down
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1543 8月 22 14:04 keepalived.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2516 8月 22 14:15 notify.sh
[root@master keepalived]
# ip addr show #再次查看VIP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:4b:a1:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.208
/24
brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:a185
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave keepalived]
# ip addr show #大家可以看到VIP成功移动到slave上
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:f9:e6:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.207
/24
brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.18.200
/32
scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:e626
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
(10).查看一下邮件
注，大家可以看到，主备切换时，会发送邮件报警，好了到这里所有演示全部完成。希望大家有所收获^_^……
本文出自 “Share your knowledge …” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1280962
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