从硬盘开始安装,将安装文件放在C盘
根目录上,设置WinGrub,编写menu.lst
为:
title
Install Arch
root
(hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz archisolabel=ARCH_201310
initrd /archiso.img
重启机子,等系统加载完毕之后,执行以下代码,进入安装前的设置状态:
mkdir /任意目录 ‘上面,任意建立了一个空目录
mount -r -t vfat /dev/sda1 /任意目录 ‘以上将C盘(fat32格式)挂载到这个空目录上
modprobe loop ‘ 上面,载入所有模块
losetup /dev/loop6 /任意目录/archlinux-2013.10.01-dual.iso ‘上面,将ISO镜像文件虚拟为文件系统
ln -s /dev/loop6 /dev/disk/by-label/ ARCH_201310 '将loop6链接到镜像文件
title
root
kernel /vmlinuz archisolabel=ARCH_201310
initrd /archiso.img
重启机子,等系统加载完毕之后,执行以下代码,进入安装前的设置状态:
mkdir /任意目录 ‘上面,任意建立了一个空目录
mount -r -t vfat /dev/sda1 /任意目录 ‘以上将C盘(fat32格式)挂载到这个空目录上
modprobe loop ‘ 上面,载入所有模块
losetup /dev/loop6 /任意目录/archlinux-2013.10.01-dual.iso ‘上面,将ISO镜像文件虚拟为文件系统
ln -s /dev/loop6 /dev/disk/by-label/ ARCH_201310 '将loop6链接到镜像文件
exit
‘退出设置,进入安装状态
开始安装
cfdisk ‘磁盘分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda* ‘格式化磁盘
mkswap /dev/sda? && swapon /dev/sda? ‘格式化并使用swap分区
mount /dev/sda? /mnt/ ‘加载根分区
mkdir /mnt/boot && mount /dev/sda? /mnt/boot ‘挂载boot
mkdir /mnt/home && mount /dev/sda? /mnt/home ‘挂载home
强制分区 partprobe
修改安装源的列表
vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
删掉多余的源,尽量保留离自己近一点的,速度快一点的源。
Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirrors.sohu.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch
vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
删掉多余的源,尽量保留离自己近一点的,速度快一点的源。
Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirrors.sohu.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch
dhcpcd ‘联网
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel net-tools wicd ‘安装系统
pacstrap /mnt grub-bios ‘启动管理
genfstab –p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab ’生成磁盘列表
arch-chroot /mnt ‘切换到新系统
echo aaa >/etc/hostname ’配置机器名
echo KEYMAP=us > /etc/vconsole.conf ‘配置键盘布局
echo Asia/Shanghai > /etc/timezone ’设置时区
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime ‘建立时区链接
echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf ’设置字符编码(安装完成后可以改为zh_CN)
vi /etc/locale.gen && locale-gen ‘去掉不用的编码
hwclock --systohc --localtime ’配置系统时间
mkinitcpio -p linux ‘生成内核启动镜像
grub-install /dev/sda ’安装grub
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ‘生成grub配置文件
vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg ’修改启动,加入windows
menuentry "WINDOWS" {
set root=(hd0,1)
chainloader +1
}
passwd ‘修改root密码
exit
umount /mnt/{boot,home,}
reboot ’重启
dhcpcd ‘联网
pacman -Syu ’更新系统
pacman -S dbus xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-utils xorg-xinit slim openbox lxterminal wqy-zenhei leafpad xf86-video-nouveau/ati/vmware xrandr lxrandr
firefox firefox-i18n-zh-cn chromium
pcmanfm flashplugin gpicview wqy-microhei ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming file-roller unrar zip unzip p7zip arj unace librsvg obconf mesa gimp bluefish evince ntfs-3g menumaker xterm fcitx tint2
tint2conf
volumeicon
alsamixer
alsa-utils mplayer smplayer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-ugly gstreamer0.10-ugly-plugins inkscape pidgin pidgin-lwqq
'图形界面和常用软件
useradd -m 新用户 ‘增加新用户
passwd 新用户 ’新用户密码
usermod -a -G video,audio,lp,log,wheel,optical,scanner,games,users,storage,power 新用户 ‘新用户入组
vi /home/newuser/.xinitrc’修改启动项,如果没有则拷贝一个cp /etc/skel/.xinitrc /home/新用户/
exec openbox-session ‘在最后加入
chmod 777 /home/newuser/.xinitrc ’修改启动文件权限
mkdir -p /home/新用户/.config/openbox
mkdir -p /home/新用户/.config/tint2
chmod 777 -R /home/新用户/.config/
cp /etc/xdg/openbox/{rc.xml,menu.xml,autostart,environment} /home/新用户/.config/openbox/
chmod 777 -R /home/newuser/.config/openbox/
vi /home/新用户/.config/openbox/menu.xml ‘编辑openbox右键菜单
<item label="Leafpad"><action name="Execute">
<execute>leafpad</execute></action></item>
<item label="LXTerminal"><action name="Execute">
<execute>lxterminal</execute></action></item>
obconf
‘配置窗口
vi /etc/locale.conf && locale-gen
’设置为中文
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
systemctl enable slim.service‘设定登录之时,登录管理器自启动
systemctl enable dhcpcd.service ’设定登录之时,网络自动连接
reboot
右键-->找到
lxterminal ‘终端模拟器
su - ’获取root权限
mkdir /mnt/c ‘创建文件夹,用来加载win磁盘(c、d、e...)
fdisk -l ’查看磁盘分区
vi /etc/fstab ‘修改自动加载磁盘
/dev/sda6 /mnt/e vfat user,rw,iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0 ’fat格式加载
/dev/sda7 /mnt/f ntfs user,rw,umask=000 0 0 ‘ntfs格式加载
cp /usr/share/applications/程序 /home/新用户/Desktop/ ’将常用程序拷贝到用户桌面
vi /home/用户/.xinitrc ‘配置输入法fcitx
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
exec openbox-session
chmod 777 -R /home/新用户/.config/pcmanfm/ ’文件管理器权限
pcmanfm --desktop-pref ‘配置桌面,或
/usr/share/applications/下运行“桌面偏好设置”
pcmanfm --desktop ’显示桌面
pacman -S xcompmgr transset-df
’窗口阴影和透明工具
vi /home/用户/.config/openbox/
rc.xml ‘配置透明
查找<context name="Titlebar">所在的行,删掉原来的UP与Down的相关代码,然后在下面加入以下几行代码:
<mousebind button="Up" action="Click"><action name= "Execute">
<execute>transset-df -p .2 --inc</execute></action></mousebind>
<mousebind button="Down" action="Click"><action name= "Execute">
<execute>transset-df -p .2 --dec</execute></action></mousebind>
vi /home/用户/.config/openbox/autostart ‘随机启动
fcitx &
pcmanfm --desktop &
xcompmgr -Ss -n -Cc -fF -I-10 -O-10 -D1 -t-3 -l-4 -r4 &
xrandr -s 1024x768 &
tint2 -c /home/用户/.config/tint2/tint2rc
&
tint2 -c /home/用户/.config/tint2/tint2rc
右键菜单配置
cp /usr/share/icons/图标 /home/用户/icos/ ‘复制图标
vi menu.xml ’修配置
<menu id="1" label="编程工具与文本编辑器" icon="icos/accessories-dictionary.png">
<item label="蓝鱼脚本编辑器BlueFish" icon="icos/emblem-documents.png"><action name="Execute">
<execute>bluefish</execute></action></item>
<item label="纯文本编程器Leafpad" icon="icos/leafpad.png"><action name="Execute">
<execute>leafpad</execute></action></item>
<item label="几乎不用的Nano" icon="icos/emblem-new.png"><action name="Execute">
<execute>lxterminal -e nano</execute></action></item>
</menu>
pacman -S slim-themes archlinux-themes-slim ’登录窗口样式
查看:/usr/share/slim/themes下,每个文件的名字,就是一个风格主题的名字,记下名字;
编辑:vi /etc/slim.conf文件,找到倒数第三行左右“current_theme”所在的行,将你要使用的主题风格写在后面,如果要使用多个风格的话,则风格名称之间,用英文逗号分隔开。
比如:current_theme lake,lotus-sage,lotus-midnight,flower2
如此,每次开机进入登录界面的时候,系统会自动随机在上述风格列表中选择一个作为登录的风格界面。
tint2conf ’状态栏配置工具,tint2rc文件见最后
建议安装tint2-svn替换掉tint2,,tint2-svn会自动用tint2的配置文件使用自己的配置文件,但tint2-svn的功能比单纯的tint2要强大一些,最简单的例子,是可以添回类似win系统下的“快速启动栏”。
美化桌面
1、右击“文件管理器pcmanfm”,选“用leafpad打开”,找到其相应的“name”处,将其修改为你喜欢的名称即可。“Icon”,图片。
2、启动pcmanfm,在“编辑”菜单,“偏好设置”,设置图片大小
3、在/usr/share/applications/下运行“桌面偏好设置”,设置字体。
美化窗体
pacman -S lxappearance gtk-engines ‘窗体美化软件/usr/share/applications/下的“自定义外观和体验”
服务器功能的安装与设置
pacman -S apache php php-apache mariadb libmariadbclient mariadb-clients nginx ’安装web服务器相关组件
systemctl enable mysqld.service ‘启动mysql
systemctl enable httpd.service ’启动apache
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ‘配置apache
(1)、禁用#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so否则mysql会有些莫名其妙的错误;
(2)、加入对PHP的支持,插入下行:Include conf/extra/php5_module.conf
(3)、加入启动PHP的库文件:LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
(4)、在配置文件尾,加入对PHP默认首页文件的解析:
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
vi /etc/php/php.ini ’配置php
(1)、启用各种要用的库,特别是mysql的库;
extension=mssql.so
extension=mysqli.so
(2)、修改mysql的配置项,如下:
mysql.default_port = 3306
mysql.default_host =127.0.0.1
vi /srv/http/index.php ‘生成php测试
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
chmod 777 -R /srv/http/*
reboot ’重启系统,并测试web服务器是否正常
在root权限下执行:/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password “新密码”
从浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1,检查配置是否成功。
网络配置:使用wicd替换了默认的netctl
systemctl stop netctl
systemctl disable netctl
pacman -S wicd wicd-gtk
systemctl start wicd
systemctl enable wicd
并在~/.config/openbox/autostart中加入wicd-gtk -t &
/home/用户/.config/tint2/tint2rc文件
# Tint2 config file
# Background definitions
# ID 1
rounded = 7
border_width = 2
background_color = #0B4530 60
border_color = #FFFFFF 13
# ID 2
rounded = 5
border_width = 0
background_color = #FFFFFF 40
border_color = #FFFFFF 45
# ID 3
rounded = 5
border_width = 0
background_color = #FFFFFF 13
border_color = #FFFFFF 65
# Panel
panel_monitor = all
panel_position = bottom center horizontal
panel_size = 94% 30
panel_margin = 0 0
panel_padding = 7 0 7
panel_dock = 0
wm_menu = 0
panel_layer = top
panel_background_id = 1
# Panel Autohide
autohide = 0
autohide_show_timeout = 0.3
autohide_hide_timeout = 2
autohide_height = 2
strut_policy = follow_size
# Taskbar
taskbar_mode = single_desktop
taskbar_padding = 2 3 2
taskbar_background_id = 0
taskbar_active_background_id = 0
# Tasks
urgent_nb_of_blink = 8
task_icon = 1
task_text = 1
task_centered = 1
task_maximum_size = 140 35
task_padding = 6 2
task_background_id = 3
task_active_background_id = 2
task_urgent_background_id = 2
task_iconified_background_id = 3
# Task Icons
task_icon_asb = 70 0 0
task_active_icon_asb = 100 0 0
task_urgent_icon_asb = 100 0 0
task_iconified_icon_asb = 70 0 0
# Fonts
task_font = sans 7
task_font_color = #FFFFFF 65
task_active_font_color = #FFFFFF 80
task_urgent_font_color = #FFFFFF 80
task_iconified_font_color = #FFFFFF 65
font_shadow = 0
# System Tray
systray = 1
systray_padding = 0 4 5
systray_sort = ascending
systray_background_id = 0
systray_icon_size = 16
systray_icon_asb = 70 0 0
# Clock
time1_format = %H:%M
time1_font = sans 8
time2_format = %A %d %B
time2_font = sans 6
clock_font_color = #FFFFFF 71
clock_padding = 1 0
clock_background_id = 0
clock_rclick_command = orage
# Tooltips
tooltip = 0
tooltip_padding = 2 2
tooltip_show_timeout = 0.7
tooltip_hide_timeout = 0.3
tooltip_background_id = 1
tooltip_font = sans 10
tooltip_font_color = #000000 80
# Mouse
mouse_middle = none
mouse_right = close
mouse_scroll_up = toggle
mouse_scroll_down = iconify
# Battery
battery = 0
battery_low_status = 10
battery_low_cmd = notify-send "battery low"
battery_hide = 98
bat1_font = sans 8
bat2_font = sans 6
battery_font_color = #FFFFFF 71
battery_padding = 1 0
battery_background_id = 0
# End of config
# Background definitions
# ID 1
rounded = 7
border_width = 2
background_color = #0B4530 60
border_color = #FFFFFF 13
# ID 2
rounded = 5
border_width = 0
background_color = #FFFFFF 40
border_color = #FFFFFF 45
# ID 3
rounded = 5
border_width = 0
background_color = #FFFFFF 13
border_color = #FFFFFF 65
# Panel
panel_monitor = all
panel_position = bottom center horizontal
panel_size = 94% 30
panel_margin = 0 0
panel_padding = 7 0 7
panel_dock = 0
wm_menu = 0
panel_layer = top
panel_background_id = 1
# Panel Autohide
autohide = 0
autohide_show_timeout = 0.3
autohide_hide_timeout = 2
autohide_height = 2
strut_policy = follow_size
# Taskbar
taskbar_mode = single_desktop
taskbar_padding = 2 3 2
taskbar_background_id = 0
taskbar_active_background_id = 0
# Tasks
urgent_nb_of_blink = 8
task_icon = 1
task_text = 1
task_centered = 1
task_maximum_size = 140 35
task_padding = 6 2
task_background_id = 3
task_active_background_id = 2
task_urgent_background_id = 2
task_iconified_background_id = 3
# Task Icons
task_icon_asb = 70 0 0
task_active_icon_asb = 100 0 0
task_urgent_icon_asb = 100 0 0
task_iconified_icon_asb = 70 0 0
# Fonts
task_font = sans 7
task_font_color = #FFFFFF 65
task_active_font_color = #FFFFFF 80
task_urgent_font_color = #FFFFFF 80
task_iconified_font_color = #FFFFFF 65
font_shadow = 0
# System Tray
systray = 1
systray_padding = 0 4 5
systray_sort = ascending
systray_background_id = 0
systray_icon_size = 16
systray_icon_asb = 70 0 0
# Clock
time1_format = %H:%M
time1_font = sans 8
time2_format = %A %d %B
time2_font = sans 6
clock_font_color = #FFFFFF 71
clock_padding = 1 0
clock_background_id = 0
clock_rclick_command = orage
# Tooltips
tooltip = 0
tooltip_padding = 2 2
tooltip_show_timeout = 0.7
tooltip_hide_timeout = 0.3
tooltip_background_id = 1
tooltip_font = sans 10
tooltip_font_color = #000000 80
# Mouse
mouse_middle = none
mouse_right = close
mouse_scroll_up = toggle
mouse_scroll_down = iconify
# Battery
battery = 0
battery_low_status = 10
battery_low_cmd = notify-send "battery low"
battery_hide = 98
bat1_font = sans 8
bat2_font = sans 6
battery_font_color = #FFFFFF 71
battery_padding = 1 0
battery_background_id = 0
# End of config
编辑/home/用户/.config/openbox/menu.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<openbox_menu xmlns="http://openbox.org/3.4/menu">
<menu id="apps-accessories-menu" label="桌面设置相关">
<item label="分辨率设置">
<action name="Execute">
<command>lxrandr</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<item label="工具栏设置">
<action name="Execute">
<command>tint2conf</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-editors-menu" label="文本编辑器">
<item label="leafpad">
<action name="Execute">
<command>leafpad</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
<wmclass>GVim</wmclass>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-term-menu" label="终端命令行">
<item label="LXTerminal">
<action name="Execute">
<command>lxterminal</command>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-net-menu" label="我要上网">
<item label="火狐狸Firefox">
<action name="Execute">
<command>firefox</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
<wmclass>Firefox</wmclass>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-office-menu" label="办公Office没安装">
<item label="Office Writer还没安装哈">
<action name="Execute">
<command>ooffice -writer</command>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-multimedia-menu" label="音频与视频">
<item label="MPlayer">
<action name="Execute">
<command>gmplayer</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
<wmclass>MPlayer</wmclass>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="apps-fileman-menu" label="文件与资源管理器">
<item label="PCManFM管理器">
<action name="Execute">
<command>pcmanfm</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<item label="归档管理器">
<action name="Execute">
<command>file-roller</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<separator />
</menu>
<menu id="apps-graphics-menu" label="图形图象工具还没安">
<item label="Gimp">
<action name="Execute">
<command>gimp</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<item label="Gwenview">
<action name="Execute">
<command>gwenview</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<item label="Inkscape">
<action name="Execute">
<command>inkscape</command>
<startupnotify>
<enabled>yes</enabled>
</startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="system-menu" label="系统管控">
<item label="Openbox窗口配置">
<action name="Execute">
<command>obconf</command>
<startupnotify><enabled>yes</enabled></startupnotify>
</action>
</item>
<item label="重新配置 Openbox">
<action name="Reconfigure" />
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox 3">
<separator label="所有程序组" />
<menu id="apps-accessories-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-editors-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-graphics-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-net-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-office-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-multimedia-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-term-menu"/>
<menu id="apps-fileman-menu"/>
<separator label="系统操作" />
<menu id="system-menu"/>
<separator />
<item label="登录或注销">
<action name="Exit">
<prompt>yes</prompt>
</action>
</item>
</menu>
</openbox_menu>
<openbox_menu xmlns="http://openbox.org/3.4/menu">
<menu id="apps-accessories-menu" label="桌面设置相关">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-editors-menu" label="文本编辑器">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-term-menu" label="终端命令行">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-net-menu" label="我要上网">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-office-menu" label="办公Office没安装">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-multimedia-menu" label="音频与视频">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-fileman-menu" label="文件与资源管理器">
</menu>
<menu id="apps-graphics-menu" label="图形图象工具还没安">
</menu>
<menu id="system-menu" label="系统管控">
</menu>
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox 3">
</menu>
</openbox_menu>