类模板实战项目——vector基础功能复现

类模板实战项目——vector基础功能复现

• 项目要求：

• 请设计一个数组模板类（ Vector ），完成对int、char、float、double 以及任意的自定义类等类型元素进行管理。

  • a. 实现构造函数
  • b. 实现拷贝构造函数
  • c. 实现cout << 操作
  • d. 实现下标访问符[] 的重载操作
  • e. 实现 = 号操作符重载

• Vector.h

  • 需要注意的是，在重载<<时，如果类模板，需要在 operator << 后面加上

    • ​ friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Vector& vec);

  • #include <iostream>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    
    template <typename T>
    class Vector {
    public:
    	Vector(int size = 128);//构造函数
    	Vector(const Vector& object);//拷贝构造函数
    	~Vector();//析构函数
    
    	int getLength();//获取内部存储的元素个数
    
    	//重载下标运算符
    	T& operator[](int index);
    	//实现=操作符重载
    	Vector& operator=(const Vector& object);
    	//实现<<运算符
    	friend ostream& operator << <T>(ostream& os, const Vector& vec);
    private:
    	T* m_base;//
    	int m_len;//元素个数
    };
    
    

• Vector.cpp

  • #include "Vector.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    template<typename T>
    Vector<T>::Vector(int size)
    {
    	if (size > 0) {
    		this->m_len = size;
    		this->m_base = new T[m_len];
    	}
    }
    
    template<typename T>
    Vector<T>::Vector(const Vector& object) {
    	//拷贝构造函数
    	//根据传入的对象元素个数分配空间
    	this->m_len = object.m_len;
    	this->m_base = new T[m_len];
    
    	//数据的拷贝
    	for (int i = 0; i < m_len; i++) {
    		m_base[i] = object.m_base[i];
    	}
    }
    template<typename T>
    Vector<T>::~Vector()//析构函数
    {
    	if (m_base != NULL) {
    		delete[] m_base;
    		m_base = NULL;
    		m_len = 0;
    	}
    }
    template<typename T>
    int Vector<T>::getLength()
    {
    	return m_len;
    }
    
    //重载下标运算符
    template<typename T>
    T& Vector<T>::operator[](int index) {
    	return m_base[index];//return *(m_base+index);
    }
    
    //实现=操作符重载
    template<typename T>
    Vector<T>& Vector<T>::operator=(const Vector& object) {
    	if (m_base != NULL) {
    		delete[] m_base;
    		m_base = NULL;
    		m_len = 0;
    	}
    	this->m_len = object.m_len;
    	this->m_base = new T[m_len];
    
    	//数据的拷贝
    	for (int i = 0; i < m_len; i++) {
    		m_base[i] = object.m_base[i];
    	}
    	return *this; //a3 = a2 = a1;
    }
    
    template<typename T>
    ostream& operator<< (ostream& os, const Vector<T>& vec)
    {
    	for (int i = 0; i < vec.m_len; i++) {
    		os << vec.m_base[i] << " ";//输出vec.m_base[i]换行之后 会在输出一个空格
    	}
    	os << endl;
    	return os;
    	// TODO: 在此处插入 return 语句
    }
    

• 类模板实践测试.cpp

  • #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    using namespace std;
    
    #include "Vector.cpp"
    class Student {
    	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Student& object);
    public:
    	Student() {
    		age = 0;
    		name[0] = '\0';
    	}
    
    	Student(int _age, const char* _name) {
    		age = _age;
    		strcpy_s(name, 64, _name);
    	}
    
    	void print() {
    		cout << name << ", " << age << endl;
    	}
    
    	~Student() {
    
    	}
    
    private:
    	int age;
    	char name[64];
    };
    int main(void) {
    
    	Vector<int> myVector(10);
    
    	for (int i = 0; i < myVector.getLength(); i++) {
    		myVector[i] = i;
    	}
    	for (int i = 0; i < myVector.getLength(); i++) {
    		cout << myVector[i] << endl;
    	}
    	cout << "-------test---------" << endl;
    	Vector<int> myIntVector(myVector);
    	cout << "新的myIntVector中的元素如下：" << endl;
    	for (int i = 0; i < myIntVector.getLength(); i++) {
    		cout << myIntVector[i] << endl;
    	}
    	cout << "-------test---------" << endl;
    	//测试赋值运算符重载
    	cout << "测试赋值运算符重载" << endl;
    	Vector<int> myIntVector2(1);
    	myIntVector2 = myIntVector;
    	for (int i = 0; i < myIntVector2.getLength(); i++) {
    		cout << myIntVector2[i] << endl;
    	}
    	cout << "-------test---------" << endl;
    	//<<运算符
    	cout << myIntVector;
    
    	cout << "-------test---------" << endl;
    	cout << "测试类作为Vector内部元素" << endl;
    	Student s1(18, "李小花");
    	Student s2(19, "王大炮");
    
    	Vector<Student> vStudent(2);
    	vStudent[0] = s1;
    	vStudent[1] = s2;
    
    	//for (int i = 0; i < vStudent.getLength(); i++) {
    	//	vStudent[i].print();
    	//}
    
    	cout << vStudent << endl;
    	system("pause");
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Student& object)
    {
    	out << object.name << " ," << object.age << endl;
    	// TODO: 在此处插入 return 语句
    	return out;
    }