三种不同精度的睡眠
1.sleep
- #include <unistd.h>
- unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds);
RETURN VALUE
Zero if the requested time has elapsed, or the number of seconds left to sleep,
if the call was interrupted by a signal handler.
- //示例
- int sleepTime = 5;
- do
- {
- sleepTime = sleep(sleepTime);
- }
- while (sleepTime > 0);
2.usleep(以微秒为单位)
- int usleep(useconds_t usec);
The type useconds_t is an unsigned integer type capable of holding integers in the range [0,1000000].
Programs will be more portable if they never mention this type explicitly.
3.nanosleep(以纳秒为单位)
- #include <time.h>
- int nanosleep(const struct timespec *req, struct timespec *rem);
req指定睡眠的时间, rem返回剩余的睡眠时间
- struct timespec
- {
- time_t tv_sec; /* seconds: 秒 */
- long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds: 纳秒 */
- };
三种时间结构
- time_t
- struct timeval {
- long tv_sec; /* seconds */
- long tv_usec; /* microseconds 微秒*/
- };
- struct timespec {
- time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
- long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */
- };
setitimer
- #include <sys/time.h>
- int setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *value, struct itimerval *ovalue));
setitimer()比alarm功能强大,支持3种类型的定时器
参数
第一个参数which指定定时器类型
第二个参数是请求的时间
第三个参数是定时器原来所关联的值
- struct itimerval
- {
- struct timeval it_interval; /* next value : 产生信号的间隔时间*/
- struct timeval it_value; /* current value : 第一次产生信号的时间*/
- };
- struct timeval
- {
- time_t tv_sec; /* seconds: 秒 */
- suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds: 微秒 */
- };
which值
ITIMER_REAL: 经过指定的时间后,内核将发送SIGALRM信号给本进程 (用的较多)
ITIMER_VIRTUAL : 程序在用户空间执行指定的时间后,内核将发送SIGVTALRM信号给本进程
ITIMER_PROF : 进程在内核空间中执行时,时间计数会减少,通常与ITIMER_VIRTUAL共用,代表进程在用户空间与内核空间中运行指定时间后,内核将发送SIGPROF信号给本进程。
- /**示例1:
- 1.在启动进程的5秒之后产生信号
- 2.然后每隔1秒产生一次信号
- **/
- int main()
- {
- if (signal(SIGALRM, signalAction) == SIG_ERR)
- err_exit("signal error");
- struct itimerval it;
- struct timeval it_interval = {1, 0};
- struct timeval it_value = {5, 0};
- it.it_interval = it_interval;
- it.it_value = it_value;
- if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL) == -1)
- err_exit("setitimer error");
- while (true)
- pause();
- }
- /**示例2:
- 获取itimerval 结构体
- **/
- int main()
- {
- struct itimerval it;
- struct timeval it_interval = {1, 0};
- struct timeval it_value = {5, 0};
- it.it_interval = it_interval;
- it.it_value = it_value;
- if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL) == -1)
- err_exit("setitimer error");
- for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
- ;
- struct itimerval oldIt;
- // if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &it, &oldIt) == -1)
- // err_exit("setitimer error");
- // 在不重新设置时钟的情况下获取剩余时间
- if (getitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &oldIt) == -1)
- err_exit("getitimer error");
- cout << oldIt.it_interval.tv_sec << ' ' << oldIt.it_interval.tv_usec
- << ' ' << oldIt.it_value.tv_sec << ' ' << oldIt.it_value.tv_usec << endl;
- }
附:秒-微秒-纳秒的转换
S(秒)、ms(毫秒)、μs(微秒)、ns(纳秒),其中:1s=1000ms,1 ms=1000μs,1μs=1000ns