数据表结构
现在,我们来看存放文件的数据库表结构,这里,我们给出建立表的标准SQL语句:
1
CREATE
TABLE
tblBooksUpload
2
(
3
DocID
int
NOT
NULL
IDENTITY
Primary
Key
,
4
DocTitle
varchar
(
200
) ,
5
Doc
image
,
6
DocType
varchar
(
50
) ,
7
Entrydate
datetime
Default
GetDate
()
8
)
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7
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以上的语句中,我们看到数据表tblBooksUpload包含五个字段:
·字段DocID是表的关键字段,数据记录编号;
·字段DocTitle是用来简单说明上传文件的,如果上传文本文件,我们一般将其设置为文件标题,图像、程序等,就设置为图像、程序的简单介绍;
·字段Doc是用来存放我们上传的文件的字段,注意,这里将Doc字段的设置为Image类别;
·字段DocType用来保存我们上传文件的类型,可能我们奇怪为什么要这个字段呢?其实,这个字段是很重要的,在用户从数据库取得数据的时候,这个字段将用来指定数据字段Doc中数据的类别,然后,浏览器根据这个字段来决定呈现给用户的数据;
·字段DateTime是一个时间字段,我们可以看到该字段的值取自服务器的当前日期。
下面是插入数据的存储过程,我们来看具体代码:
1
CREATE
PROCEDURE
uSP_BooksUploadFile
2
@Title
varchar
(
200
),
3
@Doc
image
,
4
@DocType
varchar
(
4
)
5![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
6
AS
7![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
8
INSERT
tblBooksUpload(DocTitle,Doc,DocType)
9
VALUES
(
@Title
,
@Doc
,
@DocType
)
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11
GO
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上传文件的步骤
现在,我们先从文字上了解一下上传文件到数据库的具体步骤,再从代码上来实现:
首先,从客户端取得上传的文件,然后,我们将它放入数据流;
第二,服务器端读取数据流,然后将其保存到缓存;
第三,将缓存数据保存到数据库;
现在,我们一步步来看怎样在程序中实现这些功能。
第一步
当然,首先我们要实现用户在浏览器端自由选择文件,然后上传,这里用户选择文件,当然是要求标准的Windows方式,所以,我们在这里使用Form的File文件组件来给用户选择文件。注意,因为上传文件,所以,在Form的属性设置的时候,我们应该设置为:multipart/form-data,这样,才可以正确上传文件。下面是上传页面的主要代码:
1
<
form
id
="frmUpload"
method
="post"
enctype
="multipart/form-data"
runat
="server"
>
2
<
span
>
Title
</
span
><
br
>
3
<
asp:textbox
id
="txtTitle"
runat
="server"
EnableViewState
="False"
></
asp:textbox
>
4
<
asp:requiredfieldvalidator
id
="valrTitle"
runat
="server"
ErrorMessage
="*
5
Required"
ControlToValidate
="txtTitle"
>
* Required
</
asp:requiredfieldvalidator
>
6![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
7
<
br
>
8
<
br
>
9![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
10
<
span
>
Docutment to Upload
</
span
><
br
>
11
<
input
id
="txtFileContents"
type
="file"
runat
="server"
NAME
="txtFileContents"
>
12
<
br
>
13
<
br
>
14![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
15
<
asp:button
id
="btnSubmit"
Text
="Submit"
Runat
="server"
></
asp:button
>
16
</
form
>
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第二步
我们可以将上传的文件通过数据流保存到缓存,缓存的大小和文件的具体大小相同,我们可以使用以下的代码来取得文件的具体大小:
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
然后,我们可以设置缓存的具体大小了:
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这样设置以后,我们可以将上传文件的内容保存到缓存中:
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在以上代码中,读取缓存的时候,从缓存的0位置开始,直到整个文件的长度,其实,这就是整个文件或者整个缓存的大小。
第三步
现在我们需要做的就是将缓存数据保存到数据库,我们已经直到数据表结构,这样,我们通过编写简单的SQL语句就可以实现这个功能。在上面的内容中,我们编写了一个存储过程,在程序中,我们只要建立SqlCommand对象并且将这个存储过程传递给它,并设置“@Doc”参数取得缓存数据就可以了:
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cmdUploadDoc
=
new
SqlCommand(
"
uSP_BooksUploadFile
"
,BooksConn);
2
cmdUploadDoc.CommandType
=
CommandType.StoredProcedure;
3
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add(
"
@Title
"
,SqlDbType.VarChar,
200
);
4
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add(
"
@Doc
"
,SqlDbType.Image);
5
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add(
"
@DocType
"
,SqlDbType.VarChar,
4
);
6![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
7
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[
0
].Value
=
txtTitle.Text;
8
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[
1
].Value
=
Docbuffer;
9
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[
2
].Value
=
strDocType;
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点击按钮处理代码
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private
void
btnSubmit_Click(
object
sender, System.EventArgs e)
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{
3
string strDocExt;
4
//strDocType用于保存上传文件的类型
5
string strDocType;
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7
//用于保存文件大小
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9
int intDocLen;
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11
//Stream用于读取上传数据
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13
Stream objStream;
14
SqlConnection BooksConn;
15
SqlCommand cmdUploadDoc;
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17
if(IsValid)
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{
19
if(txtFileContents.PostedFile != null)
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{
21
//文件类型
22
strDocExt = CString.Right(txtFileContents.PostedFile.FileName,4).ToLower();
23
switch(strDocExt)
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{
25
case ".doc":
26
strDocType = "doc";
27
break;
28
case ".ppt":
29
strDocType = "ppt";
30
break;
31
case ".htm":
32
strDocType = "htm";
33
break;
34
case ".html":
35
strDocType = "htm";
36
break;
37
case ".jpg":
38
strDocType = "jpg";
39
break;
40
case ".gif":
41
strDocType = "gif";
42
break;
43
default:
44
strDocType = "txt";
45
break;
46
}
47
//上传文件具体内容
48
intDocLen = txtFileContents.PostedFile.ContentLength;
49
byte[] Docbuffer = new byte[intDocLen];
50
objStream = txtFileContents.PostedFile.InputStream;
51![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
52
//文件保存到缓存
53
//缓存将保存到数据库
54![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
55
objStream.Read(Docbuffer ,0,intDocLen);
56
BooksConn = new SqlConnection("Server=Server;UID=sa;Database=Books");
57
cmdUploadDoc = new SqlCommand("uSP_BooksUploadFile",BooksConn);
58
cmdUploadDoc.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
59
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add("@Title ",SqlDbType.VarChar,200);
60
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add("@Doc",SqlDbType.Image);
61
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters.Add("@DocType",SqlDbType.VarChar,4);
62
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[0].Value = txtTitle.Text;
63
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[1].Value = Docbuffer ;
64
cmdUploadDoc.Parameters[2].Value = strDocType;
65
BooksConn.Open();
66
cmdUploadDoc.ExecuteNonQuery();
67
BooksConn.Close();
68
}
69
}
70
}
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总结
以上我们提到的方法,适合所有类型的文件,对以上代码作适当修改,我们就可以建立一个完全基于数据库的文件管理系统。