View的绘制过程

绘制界面的过程大致分为三步

1. 计算窗口中所有视图的大小。
2. 大小确定了之后，给每个视图分配位置。
3. 将确定的视图绘制到屏幕上

1.计算窗口中所有视图的大小(Measure)

Measure的过程主要涉及三个函数

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)

measure的本质是把视图布局时使用的相对值转换为具体值的过程，如WRAP_CONTENT,MATCH_PARENT

measure()的源代码如下

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
            int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
            int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
            widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
            heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
        }

        // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
        long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
        if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);

        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {

            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();

            int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 :
                    mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
            if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
                // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
            } else {
                long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
                // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
                setMeasuredDimension((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
                mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
            }

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        }

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;

        mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
                (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
    }

接受两个参数widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec分别表示宽和高的measureSpec。当父视图对子视图进行measure操作时，需要提供父视图的大小，这个measureSpec就表示这个父视图的宽高。measureSpec是一个32位的int值，高16位保存specMode，低16位保存specSize。

sepcMode有三种：，

• EXACTLY   exactly是确定的意思，表示父视图已经为子视图确定好了大小，子视图的大小会严格按照父视图指定的值specSize来确定
• AT_MOST  at most，最多，表示子视图的大小可以任意定自己的大小，但最多是specSize中指定的值
• UNSPECIFIED  表示子视图的大小没有限制，一般不常用

而最初的measureSpec是从哪里获得的呢？是在performTranversal()中，调用mView.measure()

mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

参数为childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec，而这个两个参数

int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);

desiredWindowHeight代表窗口希望的大小，一般为窗口本身大小，lp为mWIndowAttributes，而 mWindowAttributes在ViewRoot初始化时创建

public LayoutParams() {
            super(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
            type = TYPE_APPLICATION;
            format = PixelFormat.OPAQUE;
        }

可以看到lp的width和height默认均为MATCH_PARENT

回到getRootMeasureSpec()函数

 private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

默认measureSpec的mode类型就是EXACTLY，且specSize就等于windowSize。