paper issues

21页,图2.2横纵坐标没有说明
36页,Fig.2.12 Work flow of 3-Finger MRake receiver 改为五号,现在为小四
42页,Fig.2.15 Code errors of three receivers change with different multipath delays 现在为小四
43页,Fig.2.16 Code errors of three receivers change with different multipath aplitudes现在为小四
46页,Table 2.5 Hardware consumption and calculation of three receivers现在字体为宋体,应改为Times New Roman
46页,图3.4 MRake接收机捕获方法流程图 中的判断条件没有指明Y,N分支
51页,表3.1 载波映射 上面一句引用错误,位之间的对应关系如表1所示。
69页,Fig.3.15 Acquisiton result of received siganls -》signals拼写错误
69页,表3.2 XMC与传统捕获方法资源使用情况对比   XMC字体应改为Times New Roman
表名不统一,有的是table,有的是tab.
88页,图4.6 环路的性能随着带宽的变化, 图中现用红蓝黑色区分曲线,打印后无法区分,可在图中曲线上加a,b,c区分
90页,图4.7 环路的性能随着预检测积分时间的变化,图中现用颜色区分曲线,可改为a,b,c,d,e区分
91页,图4.8 四种传统Costas鉴相器的性能比较,图中曲线现用颜色区分,请修改
94页,图4.9 CC和MCC鉴相器的性能比较,图中曲线现用颜色区分,请修改
103页,Fig.5.1 Prediction and correction steps of traditional Kalman filtering algrithom, algorithm拼写错误
107页,Fig.5.2 Prediction and correction steps of modified Kalman filtering algrithom, algorithm拼写错误
114页,图5.4 最小二乘法定位结果的各坐标分量, 此实验结果中的曲线现用颜色区分,请核对可否
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Abstract: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a widely used welding process in various industries. One of the significant challenges in GMAW is to achieve optimal welding parameters and minimize defects such as spatter and porosity. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Our approach can automatically detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes and provide insights for process optimization. Introduction: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a welding process that uses a consumable electrode and an external shielding gas to protect the weld pool from atmospheric contamination. During the GMAW process, the metal transfer mode affects the weld quality and productivity. Three types of metal transfer modes are commonly observed in GMAW: short-circuiting transfer (SCT), globular transfer (GT), and spray transfer (ST). The selection of the transfer mode depends on the welding parameters, such as the welding current, voltage, and wire feed speed. The metal transfer mode can be observed using high-speed imaging techniques, which capture the dynamic behavior of the molten metal during welding. The interpretation of these images requires expertise and is time-consuming. To address these issues, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Methodology: We collected a dataset of metal-transfer images using a high-speed camera during the GMAW process. The images were captured at a rate of 5000 frames per second, and the dataset includes 1000 images for each transfer mode. We split the dataset into training, validation, and testing sets, with a ratio of 70:15:15. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the metal-transfer mode from the images. We used the ResNet50 architecture with transfer learning, which is a widely used and effective approach for image classification tasks. The model was trained using the categorical cross-entropy loss function and the Adam optimizer. Results: We achieved an accuracy of 96.7% on the testing set using our deep-learning-based approach. Our approach can accurately detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes in GMAW processes. Furthermore, we used the Grad-CAM technique to visualize the important regions of the images that contributed to the classification decision. Conclusion: In this paper, we proposed a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Our approach can automatically detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes with high accuracy. The proposed approach can provide insights for process optimization and reduce the need for human expertise in interpreting high-speed images. Future work includes investigating the use of our approach in real-time monitoring of the GMAW process and exploring the application of our approach in other welding processes.
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