快速排序的主要思想就是:将待排序数组以某一个元素为阈值分为两个子列,一个子列包含所有比改阈值小的元素,另一个子列反之。这样只要将这两个子列排好序,整个数组也就排好序了。这里有一个关键的子过程就是划分的过程
Partition
,一般可以选择数组中任意的元素作为划分阈值,这里选择的是数组中最左端的元素。
#include
<
iostream
>
#include
<
vector
>
#include
<
cassert
>
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
using
namespace
std;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
template
<
class
T
>
int
Partion(T
*
input,
int
len)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
assert(input != NULL);
T temp = input[0];
int i = 0;
int j = len - 1;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//* 找到枢纽应在的位置*/
while (i < j)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//* 从后往前找到比枢纽小的元素 */
while (input[j] > temp && i < j)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
j--;
}
if (i >= j)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
break;
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//* 从前往后找比枢纽大的元素 */
while (input[i] < temp && i < j)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
i++;
}
if (i >= j)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
break;
}
swap(input[i], input[j]);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
swap(input[i], temp);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//* 返回枢纽所在的位置 */
return i;
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/**/
/* quick sort algorithm */
template
<
class
T
>
void
QuickSort(T
*
input,
int
len)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
assert(input != NULL);
int pivot;
if (len <= 1)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
return;
}
pivot = Partion(input, len);
QuickSort(input, pivot);
QuickSort(input + pivot + 1, len - pivot - 1);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
int
main(
void
)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
int a[] = ...{89, -32, 1, 3, 5, 45, 34, 43};
QuickSort(a, sizeof(a)/sizeof(int));
for (int i =0; i < sizeof(a)/sizeof(int); i++)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
cout << a[i] << endl;
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
return 0;
}
Partition使用了二分查找类似的思想:使用两个索引器从数组的两端进行遍历,左边的索引器遇到比阈值大的元素停止,右边的索引器遇到比自己小的元素停止,然后交换这两个元素,依次循环。这样数组就划分为了比该阈值大和小(含等于)两个子列了。
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