进程间通信: 基于信号量同步的共享内存demo

向共享内存写数据的程序：

#include <fcntl.h>    /* For O_* constants */
#include <sys/stat.h> /* For mode constants */
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <signal.h>

//信号量的name，必须以/开头且只能包含一个/
#define SEM_NAME "/sem_test"

//共享内存文件路径，必须保证文件存在且有读写权限
#define SHM_NAME "./shm_test"

//共享内存大小
#define SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE 16

sem_t*  sem     = NULL;
int32_t shm_id  = 0;
void*   shm_ptr = NULL;

void signal_handle(int sig)
{
    sem_close(sem);
    sem_unlink(SEM_NAME);
    shmdt(shm_ptr);
    exit(0);
}

int main()
{
    signal(SIGINT, signal_handle);

    //创建信号量,O_CREAT表示不存在时创建
    sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, 0777, 0);
    if (sem == SEM_FAILED)
    {
        perror("sem_open");
        return -1;
    }

    //保证生成共享内存id的key所需的文件存在，不存在则创建
    int fd = open(SHM_NAME, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0777);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        perror("open");
        return -1;
    }
    close(fd);

    //生成key
    key_t key = ftok(SHM_NAME, 'c');

    //生成shm_id
    shm_id = shmget(key, SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
    if (shm_id < 0)
    {
        perror("shmget");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("key=0x%x\n", key);

    //获取共享内存指针,即共享内存的首地址
    shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
    if (shm_ptr == (void*) (-1))
    {
        perror("shmat");
        return -1;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        //对共享内存进行写操作
        fgets((char*) shm_ptr, SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE, stdin);

        //信号量post,共享内存读取端可从阻塞中恢复,读取共享内存的内容
        sem_post(sem);
    }

    return 0;
}

从共享内存读数据的程序：

#include <fcntl.h>    /* For O_* constants */
#include <sys/stat.h> /* For mode constants */
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <signal.h>

#define SEM_NAME "/sem_test"
#define SHM_NAME "./shm_test"
#define SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE 16

sem_t*  sem     = NULL;
int32_t shm_id  = 0;
void*   shm_ptr = NULL;

void signal_handle(int sig)
{
    sem_destroy(sem);
    shmdt(shm_ptr);
    exit(0);
}

int main()
{
    signal(SIGINT, signal_handle);

    sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, 0777, 0);
    if (sem == SEM_FAILED)
    {
        perror("sem_open");
        return -1;
    }

    key_t key = ftok(SHM_NAME, 'c');
    shm_id    = shmget(key, SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
    if (shm_id < 0)
    {
        perror("shmget");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("key=0x%x\n", key);

    shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
    if (shm_ptr == (void*) (-1))
    {
        perror("shmat");
        return -1;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        //等待共享内存写的一端写入数据
        sem_wait(sem);

        //读取共享内存数据
        printf("%s", (char*) shm_ptr);
    }

    return 0;
}