一、Object类概述
Object类属于超类、基类,是所有类的直接或间接父类,位于继承树最顶层;
任何类,如果没有书写extends显示继承某个类,都默认直接继承Object类,否则为间接继承;
Object类中所定义的方法,是所有对象都具备的方法;
Object类型可以储存任何对象;
作为参数,可接受任何对象;
作为返回值,可返回任何对象;
二、Object类下方法学习
(一)getClass()方法
public final Class<?> getClass(){}
作用:返回当前对象的运行时类;
运行时类:就是指处于运行状态的类,而处于运行状态的类或者说被运行的类仍是.class中的类;所以就将运行时类理解为.class中的类;
Class类的对象就代表一个类的运行时类,即就代表.class中的类,而一个class文件就对应一个类,所以也可以理解为Class类的对象代表的就是.class文件;
操作运行时类:无论是处于.java中的类还是.class中的类,还是被加载被运行的类,其实都是同一个类,只是类所处的时机和状态不一样;所以从一个类的运行时类中也能获取到类的类型并进行操作;
应用:通常用于判断两个引用中实际存储对象类型是否一致;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Joe",24);
Student s2 = new Student("Sam",25);
//判断s1和s2是不是同一个类型
Class s1Class = s1.getClass();
Class s2Class = s2.getClass();
if(s1Class == s2Class){
System.out.println("s1和s2属于同一个类型");
}else {
System.out.println("s1和s2不是同一类型");
}
}
}
(二)hashCode方法
public int hashCode(){}
作用:返回该对象的哈希码值;
哈希值根据对象的地址或字符串或数字使用hash算法计算出来的int类型的数值;
一般情况下相同对象返回哈希码值相同;
public class Student {
private int Age;
private String name;
public Student(int age, String name) {
Age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return Age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
Age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(34,"Joe" );
Student s2 = new Student(51,"Sam");
System.out.println(s1.hashCode());
System.out.println(s2.hashCode());
Student s3 = s1;
if (s1.hashCode() == s3.hashCode()){
System.out.println("ture");
}else {
System.out.println("false");
}
}
}
(三)toString()方法
public String toString(){}
作用:返回该对象的字符串表示(表现形式);
可以根据程序需求覆盖该方法,如:展示对象各个属性值;
public class Student {
private int Age;
private String name;
public Student(int age, String name) {
Age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return Age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
Age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//重写toString方法,可以通过Alt+Insert快捷生成
public String toString(){
return "姓名:"+name+"年龄:"+Age;
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(32,"Joe");
Student s2 = new Student(21,"Sam");
System.out.println(s1.toString());//姓名:Joe年龄:32
System.out.println(s2.toString());//姓名:Sam年龄:21
}
}
(四)equals方法
public boolean equals (Object obj){};
使用方法:需要比较的对象1.equals(需要比较的对象2);
默认实现为(this == obj),比较两个对象地址是否相同,相同返回ture,不相同返回false;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Joe",24);
Student s2 = new Student("Sam",22);
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//false
Student s3 = new Student("Ming",31);
Student s4 = new Student("Ming",31);
System.out.println(s3.equals(s4));//false
}
}
思考:如何让两个属性完全相同的变量通过equals方法输出true?
思路:可进行覆盖,比较两个对象的内容是否相同;
equals()方法覆盖步骤:
比较两个引用是否指向同一个对象;
判断obj是否为null;
判断两个引用指向的实际对象类型是否一致;
强制类型转换;
依次比较各个属性值是否相同;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
//重写equals方法
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
//判断两个对象是否是同一个引用
if (this == obj){
return true;
}
//判断obj是否为null
if (obj == null){
return false;
}
//判断是否是同一个类型
//使用getClass()方法:
/*if (this.getClass() == obj.getClass()){
return true;
}*/
//使用instanceof关键字:
if (obj instanceof Student){//instanceof:判断对象是否是某种类型
//强制类型转换
Student s = (Student)obj;
//依次比较各个属性是否相同
if (this.name.equals(s.getName()) && this.age == s.getAge()){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Joe",24);
Student s2 = new Student("Sam",22);
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//false
Student s3 = new Student("Ming",31);
Student s4 = new Student("Ming",31);
System.out.println(s3.equals(s4));//true
}
}
(五)finalize()方法
当对象被判定为垃圾对象时,由JVM自动调用此方法,用以标记垃圾对象,进入回收队列;
垃圾对象:没有有效引用指向此对象时,为垃圾对象;
垃圾回收:由GC销毁垃圾对象,释放数据存储空间;
自动回收机制:JVM的内存耗尽,一次性回收所有垃圾对象;
手动回收机制:使用System.gc();通知JVM执行垃圾回收;
public class Student {
private int Age;
private String name;
public Student(int age, String name) {
Age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return Age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
Age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//重写垃圾回收方法,在回收垃圾时发出通知
@Override
protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
System.out.println(this.name + "对象被回收了");
}
}
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//非垃圾对象
Student s1 = new Student(20,"A");
Student s2 = new Student(21,"B");
Student s3 = new Student(22,"C");
Student s4 = new Student(23,"D");
Student s5 = new Student(24,"E");
//没有有效引用指向的对象,为垃圾对象,会被回收
new Student(20,"A");
new Student(21,"B");
new Student(22,"C");
new Student(23,"D");
new Student(24,"E");
//回收垃圾
System.gc();
System.out.println("回收垃圾");//A,B,C,D,E对象被回收了
}
}