oracle 笔记

 1. SQL  语句与SQL*Plus 命令

 

SQL	SQL*Plus
一种语言	一种环境
ANSI标准	Oracle 的特性之一
关键字不能缩写	关键字可以缩写
使用语句控制数据库中的表的定义信息 和表中的数据	命令不能改变数据库中的数据的值
	集中运行

2.以下几个查询很重要，仔细体会

1  (有员工的城市)各个城市的平均工资

select city,avg(salary) from employees e,departments d locations l
where e.department_id = d.department_id and d.location_id = l.location_id group by city;

2  查询哪些城市有员工，哪些城市没有员工
select city from employees e,departments d,locations l
where e.department_id = d.department_id and d.location_id = l.location_id
group by city having count(employee_id) > 0
1)组函数不能放在 where子句中， 需要放在 having 子句中
2) 需按 city 进行分组

 

3 manager 中最高工资是谁   manager 中最低工资是多少  manager 中平均工资是多少

  首先要确定哪些人是manager
     公司有哪些人是 manager :
    方案1 
      select distinct m.employee_id,m.last_name from employees e,employees m
      where e.manager_id = m_employee_id  order by m.employee_id
    方案2
 select distinct manager_id from employees where manager_id is not null  order by manager_id

   平均工资:
 select avg(m.salary) from employees e,employees m
 where e.manager_id = m.employee_id  order by m.employee_id
  最高工资:

/*

   select max(m.salary)  from employees e,employees m
 where e.manager_id= m.employee_id order by m.employee_id

*/

   可以用子查询
 select last_name,salary from employees  where salary =

 (select max(m.salary)  from employees e,employees m  where e.manager_id = m.employee_id )
 order by employee_id
5. 选择所有员工的姓名，员工号，以及他的管理者的姓名和员工号，结果类似于下面的格式
-------------------------------------

employees| Emp# |manager |Mgr#

-------------------------------------
kochhar      101     king        100

-------------------------------------

select work.last_name "employees", work.employee_id "Emp#" , manager.last_name "manager" ,

manager.employee_id "Mgi#" from employees work , employees manager
where work.manager_id = manager.employee_id and lower(work.last_name) = 'kochhar'

 

6. 查询各部门员工姓名和他们的同事姓名，结果类似于下面的格式

-----------------------------------------
Department_id | Last_name |colleague

-----------------------------------------
20                   fay               hartstein

-----------------------------------------
select  e.department_id "Department_id", e.last_name "Last_name",colleague.last_name "colleague" 
from employees e , employees colleague
where e.manager_id = colleague.employee_id and lower(e.last_name) = 'fay'