从这里开始
Problem A Dividing a String
猜想每段长度不超过2。然后dp即可。
考虑最后一个长度大于等于3的一段,如果划成$1 + 2$会和后面相同,那么划成$2 + 1$,如果前一段和前面相同,那么把前一段和前面合并。每次操作后段数都不会减少。所以存在一种最优方案使得每段长度不超过2。
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
const int N = 2e5 + 5;
template <typename T>
void vmax(T& a, T b) {
(a < b) && (a = b, 0);
}
int n;
char s[N];
int f[N][2];
int main() {
scanf("%s", s + 1);
f[0][0] = 0, f[0][1] = -1e9;
n = strlen(s + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
f[i][0] = f[i][1] = -1e9;
vmax(f[i][0], f[i - 1][1] + 1);
if (s[i] != s[i - 1])
vmax(f[i][0], f[i - 1][0] + 1);
if (i > 1) {
vmax(f[i][1], f[i - 2][0] + 1);
if (i > 3 && (s[i] != s[i - 2] || s[i - 1] != s[i - 3])) {
vmax(f[i][1], f[i - 2][1] + 1);
}
}
}
printf("%d\n", max(f[n][0], f[n][1]));
return 0;
}
Problem B RGB Balls
假设红绿蓝三种颜色的求按顺序排列后分别为 $r_1, r_2, \cdots, r_n, g_1, g_2, \cdots, g_n, b_1, b_2, \cdots, b_n$。
设$m_i = \min\{r_i, b_i, g_i\}, M_i = \max\{r_i, b_i, g_i\}$。猜想答案是$\sum M_i - m_i$。
假设每个人拿到的最小标号的球标号递增,证明考虑前$k$个人至多选择前$k$个红球,白球和蓝球,所以第$k + 1$个人拿到的最小标号的球的标号至少为$m_{k + 1}$,所以$m_i$是第$i$个人拿到的最小标号的球的上界。同理可以证明第$i$个人拿到的最大标号的球的下界是$M_i$。
然后根据一种球的类型来贪心就行了。
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
#define ll long long
void exgcd(int a, int b, int& x, int& y) {
if (!b) {
x = 1, y = 0;
} else {
exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= (a / b) * x;
}
}
int inv(int a, int n) {
int x, y;
exgcd(a, n, x, y);
return (x < 0) ? (x + n) : (x);
}
const int Mod = 998244353;
template <const int Mod = :: Mod>
class Z {
public:
int v;
Z() : v(0) { }
Z(int x) : v(x){ }
Z(ll x) : v(x % Mod) { }
friend Z operator + (const Z& a, const Z& b) {
int x;
return Z(((x = a.v + b.v) >= Mod) ? (x - Mod) : (x));
}
friend Z operator - (const Z& a, const Z& b) {
int x;
return Z(((x = a.v - b.v) < 0) ? (x + Mod) : (x));
}
friend Z operator * (const Z& a, const Z& b) {
return Z(a.v * 1ll * b.v);
}
friend Z operator ~(const Z& a) {
return inv(a.v, Mod);
}
friend Z operator - (const Z& a) {
return Z(0) - a;
}
Z& operator += (Z b) {
return *this = *this + b;
}
Z& operator -= (Z b) {
return *this = *this - b;
}
Z& operator *= (Z b) {
return *this = *this * b;
}
friend boolean operator == (const Z& a, const Z& b) {
return a.v == b.v;
}
};
Z<> qpow(Z<> a, int p) {
Z<> rt = Z<>(1), pa = a;
for ( ; p; p >>= 1, pa = pa * pa) {
if (p & 1) {
rt = rt * pa;
}
}
return rt;
}
typedef Z<> Zi;
const int N = 1e5 + 5;
int n;
char s[N * 3];
int main() {
scanf("%d", &n);
scanf("%s", s + 1);
int r, g, b, rg, rb, gb;
r = g = b = 0;
rg = rb = gb = 0;
Zi ans = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
ans *= i;
for (int i = 1; i <= 3 * n; i++) {
if (s[i] == 'R') {
if (gb) {
ans *= gb--;
} else if (g) {
ans *= g--;
rg++;
} else if (b) {
ans *= b--;
rb++;
} else {
r++;
}
} else if (s[i] == 'G') {
if (rb) {
ans *= rb--;
} else if (r) {
ans *= r--;
rg++;
} else if (b) {
ans *= b--;
gb++;
} else {
g++;
}
} else if (s[i] == 'B') {
if (rg) {
ans *= rg--;
} else if (r) {
ans *= r--;
rb++;
} else if (g) {
ans *= g--;
gb++;
} else {
b++;
}
}
}
printf("%d\n", ans.v);
return 0;
}
Problem C Numbers on a Circle
考虑倒着做,操作变成一个数减去两边的和,如果一个数可以操作,那么它两边的数都不能操作。所以要么它达到它目标的值,要么它比两边的数小。
不难发现操作1次,要么折半,要么达到目标的值,要么判出无解,所以总时间复杂度$O(n\log V)$。
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
const int N = 2e5 + 5;
int n;
int A[N];
int B[N];
boolean inq[N];
boolean check(int p) {
return B[p] >= B[(p + n - 1) % n] + B[(p + 1) % n];
}
int main() {
scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", A + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", B + i);
}
queue<int> Q;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (check(i)) {
inq[i] = true;
Q.push(i);
}
}
long long ans = 0;
while (!Q.empty()) {
int p = Q.front();
Q.pop();
inq[p] = false;
int pre = (p + n - 1) % n, suf = (p + 1) % n;
int sum = B[pre] + B[suf];
int t = max(0, (B[p] - A[p]) / sum);
if (!t && B[p] != A[p]) {
puts("-1");
return 0;
}
ans += t;
B[p] -= sum * t;
if (!inq[pre] && check(pre)) {
inq[pre] = true;
Q.push(pre);
}
if (!inq[suf] && check(suf)) {
inq[suf] = true;
Q.push(suf);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (A[i] ^ B[i]) {
puts("-1");
return 0;
}
}
printf("%lld\n", ans);
return 0;
}
Problem D Sorting a Grid
考虑第一次移动需要达到的条件:属于目标同一行的数不在同一列。
问题相当于给这样一个图染色:有$nm$个点,如果$(i,j)$和$(x, y)$有边相邻当且仅当它们属于同一行或者属于目标同一行。
它所在的颜色标号等于它被换到的列号。
考虑每次标出一种颜色。这个可以转成匹配问题,把原图的每个点看成边,两端点分别是它所在的两个团。
这是一个正则二分图,所以必定有解。
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
const int inf = (signed) (~0u >> 1);
typedef class Edge {
public:
int ed, nx, r;
Edge() { }
Edge(int ed, int nx, int r) : ed(ed), nx(nx), r(r) { }
} Edge;
typedef class MapManager {
public:
int *h;
vector<Edge> E;
MapManager() { }
MapManager(int n) {
h = new int[(n + 1)];
memset(h, -1, sizeof(int) * (n + 1));
}
~MapManager() {
delete[] h;
E.clear();
}
void add_edge(int u, int v, int r) {
E.emplace_back(v, h[u], r);
h[u] = (signed) E.size() - 1;
}
void add_arc(int u, int v, int r) {
add_edge(u, v, r);
add_edge(v, u, 0);
}
Edge& operator [] (int p) {
return E[p];
}
} MapManager;
typedef class Network {
public:
int S, T;
MapManager g;
int *d, *h;
Network(int S, int T) : S(S), T(T), g(T) {
d = new int[(T + 1)];
h = new int[(T + 1)];
}
~Network() {
delete[] d;
delete[] h;
}
boolean bfs() {
queue<int> Q;
memset(d, -1, sizeof(int) * (T + 1));
d[S] = 0;
Q.push(S);
while (!Q.empty()) {
int e = Q.front();
Q.pop();
for (int i = g.h[e], eu; ~i; i = g[i].nx) {
eu = g[i].ed;
if (!g[i].r || ~d[eu])
continue;
d[eu] = d[e] + 1;
Q.push(eu);
}
}
return d[T] != -1;
}
int dfs(int p, int mf) {
if (p == T || !mf)
return mf;
int flow = 0, f;
for (int& i = h[p], j, e; ~i; (i != -1) && (i = g[i].nx)) {
e = g[i].ed, j = i;
if (g[i].r && d[e] == d[p] + 1 && (f = dfs(e, min(mf, g[i].r))) > 0) {
g[j].r -= f;
g[j ^ 1].r += f;
flow += f;
mf -= f;
if (!mf)
break;
}
}
return flow;
}
int dinic() {
int rt = 0;
while (bfs()) {
for (int i = 0; i <= T; i++)
h[i] = g.h[i];
rt += dfs(S, inf);
}
return rt;
}
void add_edge(int u, int v, int r) {
g.add_arc(u, v, r);
}
} Network;
const int N = 105;
int n, m;
int a[N][N];
int b[N][N];
int c[N][N];
int id[N][N];
int col[N][N];
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
scanf("%d", a[i] + j);
}
}
for (int c = 1, T; c <= m; c++) {
Network network (0, T = n + n + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
network.add_edge(0, i, 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
network.add_edge(i + n, T, 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (!col[i][j]) {
network.add_edge(i, (a[i][j] + m - 1) / m + n, 1);
id[i][j] = (signed) network.g.E.size() - 1;
}
}
}
network.dinic();
MapManager& g = network.g;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (!col[i][j] && g[id[i][j]].r) {
col[i][j] = c;
}
}
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
b[i][col[i][j]] = a[i][j];
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++, putchar('\n')) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
printf("%d ", b[i][j]);
c[(b[i][j] + m - 1) / m][j] = b[i][j];
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++, putchar('\n')) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
printf("%d ", c[i][j]);
}
}
return 0;
}
Problem E Reversing and Concatenating
假设最小的字符为a,如果末尾有$a$,那么可以是$a$的数量变为之前的$2^{K}$倍,否则要先用一次操作使得它在末尾。
你发现使得$a$的长度达到这个长,方案是唯一的。
你枚举开始可能的串,这个至多有$O(n)$个。直接计算就行了。
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
const int N = 5005;
int n, K;
int mxR[N];
char s[N << 1], t[N], ans[N];
void check(char* s, int k, char min_c) {
int L = 0, p = n;
while (s[n - L] == min_c)
L++, p--;
L <<= k;
if (L >= n) {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
putchar(min_c);
putchar('\n');
exit(0);
}
for (int i = 1; i <= L; i++) {
t[i] = min_c;
}
for (int i = L + 1; i <= n; i++)
t[i] = s[p--];
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if (t[i] ^ ans[i]) {
if (t[i] > ans[i]) {
return;
}
break;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
ans[i] = t[i];
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &K);
scanf("%s", s + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
s[2 * n - i + 1] = s[i];
char x = 'z', y = 'a';
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
x = min(x, s[i]);
y = max(y, s[i]);
}
if (K >= 20 || x == y) {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
putchar(x);
putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
ans[1] = 'z' + 1;
if (s[n] == x)
check(s, K, x);
int mxL = 0;
for (int i = 1, j = 1; i <= n; i = j) {
if (s[i] != x) {
j++;
continue;
}
while (s[j] == s[i])
j++;
mxR[i] = j - i;
mxL = max(mxL, mxR[i]);
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (mxR[i] == mxL) {
check(s + (n - i + 1), K - 1, x);
}
}
puts(ans + 1);
return 0;
}
Problem F Counting of Subarrays
可以先把问题转化成,你可以选择至少$l$个数,将它们合成一个数,问有多少个区间能合成一个数。
考虑如何判断一个区间是否可行:
- 取最小的元素$x$的连续段,假设长度为$L$,那么至多可以合成$\lfloor L / l \rfloor$个$x + 1$。
- 递归执行。
考虑怎么计算数量,考虑一个区间在它被合成一个可能的最小的数的时候计算。
假设当前序列中最小的数位$x$,每次计算能合成的最小数为$x + 1$的区间个数,然后把$x$的连续段缩成若干个$x + 1$。
要计算合成的数位$x + 1$的区间个数,只用求选择的连续至少$l$或者$1$个$x$的方案数。
缩数后为了保证不算重,相当于要求每次选择的区间不能被这个连续段包含。把被包含的方案数减去。然后计算这个连续段内产生$k$个$x + 1$的可能的左端点数和右端点数。
时间复杂度$O(n\log n)$
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef bool boolean;
const int N = 2e5 + 5;
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define ll long long
typedef class Segment {
public:
int l, r, x, y;
Segment() { }
Segment(int l, int r, int x, int y) : l(l), r(r), x(x), y(y) { }
boolean operator < (Segment b) const {
return l < b.l;
}
} Segment;
int n, L;
int a[N];
pii b[N];
ll calc(vector<pii>& a) {
ll ret = 0, sum = 0;
for (int l = 0, r = L - 1; r < (signed) a.size(); l++, r++) {
ret += (sum += a[l].first) * a[r].second;
}
return ret;
}
ll ans = 0;
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &L);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%d", a + i);
b[i] = pii(a[i], i);
}
ans = n;
sort(b + 1, b + n + 1);
int pos = 1, val;
vector<Segment> vcur, vnxt, vadd;
while (true) {
if (!vcur.size()) {
if (pos > n) {
break;
} else {
val = b[pos].first;
}
} else {
val++;
}
// cerr << pos << " " << val << '\n';
vadd.clear();
while (pos <= n && b[pos].first == val)
vadd.emplace_back(b[pos].second, b[pos].second, 1, 1), pos++;
vnxt.resize(vcur.size() + vadd.size());
merge(vcur.begin(), vcur.end(), vadd.begin(), vadd.end(), vnxt.begin());
swap(vcur, vnxt);
vnxt.clear();
int num = vcur.size();
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < num; i = ++j) {
while (j < num - 1 && vcur[j].r + 1 == vcur[j + 1].l)
j++;
int len = j - i + 1, cnt = len / L;
if (cnt) {
vector<pii> tmp;
for (int k = i; k <= j; k++)
tmp.emplace_back(vcur[k].x, vcur[k].y);
ans += calc(tmp);
tmp.clear();
tmp.resize(cnt, pii(0, 0));
for (int k = L - 1; k < len; k++) {
tmp[cnt - (k - L + 1) / L - 1].first += vcur[j - k].x;
}
for (int k = L - 1; k < len; k++) {
tmp[(k - L + 1) / L].second += vcur[i + k].y;
}
ans -= calc(tmp);
for (int k = 0; k < cnt; k++)
vnxt.emplace_back(vcur[i].l + k, vcur[i].l + k, tmp[k].first, tmp[k].second);
vnxt.back().r = vcur[j].r;
}
}
swap(vcur, vnxt);
vnxt.clear();
}
printf("%lld\n", ans);
return 0;
}