[db] redis

#

redis installation in windows

 

start:

redis-server  redis.windows.conf

if throw：

Creating Server TCP listening socket *:6379: bind: No such file or directory

try：

redis-cli.exe
shutdown
exit
redis-server  redis.windows.conf

 

if throw:

The Windows version of Redis allocates a memory mapped heap for sharing with
the forked process used for persistence operations. In order to share this
memory, Windows allocates from the system paging file a portion equal to the
size of the Redis heap. At this time there is insufficient contiguous free
space available in the system paging file for this operation (Windows error
0x5AF). To work around this you may either increase the size of the system
paging file, or decrease the size of the Redis heap with the --maxheap flag.
Sometimes a reboot will defragment the system paging file sufficiently for
this operation to complete successfully.

Please see the documentation included with the binary distributions for more
details on the --maxheap flag.

Redis can not continue. Exiting.

 

try:

redis.windows.conf

# maxheap <bytes> 
maxheap 1024000000

 

 

new CMD：

redis-cli.exe
set age 21
OK
get age
"21"

 

 

```
redis-cli
  -h <hostname>      Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1).
  -p <port>          Server port (default: 6379).
  -s <socket>        Server socket (overrides hostname and port).
  -a <password>      Password to use when connecting to the server.
  -r <repeat>        Execute specified command N times.
  -i <interval>      When -r is used, waits <interval> seconds per command.
                     It is possible to specify sub-second times like -i 0.1.
  -n <db>            Database number.
  -x                 Read last argument from STDIN.
  -d <delimiter>     Multi-bulk delimiter in for raw formatting (default: \n).
  -c                 Enable cluster mode (follow -ASK and -MOVED redirections).
  --raw              Use raw formatting for replies (default when STDOUT is
                     not a tty).
```

 

    SET connections 10
    INCR connections => 11
    INCR connections => 12
    DEL connections
    INCR connections => 1
    
EXPIRE 设置过期时间    
TTL显示剩余过期时间
The -2 for the TTL of the key means that the key does not exist (anymore).
A -1 for the TTL of the key means that it will never expire.
    
    
    SET resource:lock "Redis Demo 1"
    EXPIRE resource:lock 120
    TTL resource:lock => 119
    SET resource:lock "Redis Demo 2"
    TTL resource:lock => -1

RPUSH puts the new value at the end of the list.


    RPUSH friends "Alice"
    RPUSH friends "Bob"

LPUSH puts the new value at the start of the list.


    LPUSH friends "Sam"

LRANGE gives a subset of the list. It takes the index of the first element you want to retrieve as its first parameter and the index of the last element you want to retrieve as its second parameter. A value of -1 for the second parameter means to retrieve elements until the end of the list.


    LRANGE friends 0 -1 => 1) "Sam", 2) "Alice", 3) "Bob"
    LRANGE friends 0 1 => 1) "Sam", 2) "Alice"
    LRANGE friends 1 2 => 1) "Alice", 2) "Bob"
    
LLEN returns the current length of the list.


    LLEN friends => 3

LPOP removes the first element from the list and returns it.


    LPOP friends => "Sam"

RPOP removes the last element from the list and returns it.


    RPOP friends => "Bob"

Note that the list now only has one element:


    LLEN friends => 1
    LRANGE friends 0 -1 => 1) "Alice"

    
A set is similar to a list, except it does not have a specific order and each element may only appear once.
    
SADD adds the given value to the set.


    SADD superpowers "flight"
    SADD superpowers "x-ray vision"
    SADD superpowers "reflexes"

SREM removes the given value from the set.


    SREM superpowers "reflexes"

SISMEMBER tests if the given value is in the set. It returns 1 if the value is there and 0 if it is not.


    SISMEMBER superpowers "flight" => 1
    SISMEMBER superpowers "reflexes" => 0

SMEMBERS returns a list of all the members of this set.


    SMEMBERS superpowers => 1) "flight", 2) "x-ray vision"

SUNION combines two or more sets and returns the list of all elements.


    SADD birdpowers "pecking"
    SADD birdpowers "flight"
    SUNION superpowers birdpowers => 1) "pecking", 2) "x-ray vision", 3) "flight"

A sorted set is similar to a regular set, but now each value has an associated score. This score is used to sort the elements in the set.


    ZADD hackers 1940 "Alan Kay"
    ZADD hackers 1906 "Grace Hopper"
    ZADD hackers 1953 "Richard Stallman"
    ZADD hackers 1965 "Yukihiro Matsumoto"
    ZADD hackers 1916 "Claude Shannon"
    ZADD hackers 1969 "Linus Torvalds"
    ZADD hackers 1957 "Sophie Wilson"
    ZADD hackers 1912 "Alan Turing"

In these examples, the scores are years of birth and the values are the names of famous hackers.


    ZRANGE hackers 2 4 => 1) "Claude Shannon", 2) "Alan Kay", 3) "Richard Stallman"

Hashes are maps between string fields and string values, so they are the perfect data type to represent objects (eg: A User with a number of fields like name, surname, age, and so forth):


    HSET user:1000 name "John Smith"
    HSET user:1000 email "john.smith@example.com"
    HSET user:1000 password "s3cret"

To get back the saved data use HGETALL:


    HGETALL user:1000

You can also set multiple fields at once:


    HMSET user:1001 name "Mary Jones" password "hidden" email "mjones@example.com"

If you only need a single field value that is possible as well:


    HGET user:1001 name => "Mary Jones"

Numerical values in hash fields are handled exactly the same as in simple strings and there are operations to increment this value in an atomic way.


    HSET user:1000 visits 10
    HINCRBY user:1000 visits 1 => 11
    HINCRBY user:1000 visits 10 => 21
    HDEL user:1000 visits
    HINCRBY user:1000 visits 1 => 1

   

 DBSIZE

返回当前数据库的 key 的数量。

redis> DBSIZE
(integer) 5

redis> SET new_key "hello_moto"     # 增加一个 key 试试
OK

redis> DBSIZE
(integer) 6

 

KEYS pattern

查找所有符合给定模式 pattern 的 key 。

redis> MSET one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4  # 一次设置 4 个 key
OK

redis> KEYS *o*
1) "four"
2) "two"
3) "one"

redis> KEYS t??
1) "two"

redis> KEYS t[w]*
1) "two"

redis> KEYS *  # 匹配数据库内所有 key
1) "four"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"

 

FLUSHALL

清空整个 Redis 服务器的数据(删除所有数据库的所有 key )。

此命令从不失败。

FLUSHDB

清空当前数据库中的所有 key。

此命令从不失败。

 

SET key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX]

将字符串值 value 关联到 key 。

如果 key 已经持有其他值， SET 就覆写旧值，无视类型。

对于某个原本带有生存时间（TTL）的键来说， 当 SET 命令成功在这个键上执行时， 这个键原有的 TTL 将被清除。

从 Redis 2.6.12 版本开始， SET 命令的行为可以通过一系列参数来修改：

    EX second ：设置键的过期时间为 second 秒。 SET key value EX second 效果等同于 SETEX key second value 。
    
    PX millisecond ：设置键的过期时间为 millisecond 毫秒。 SET key value PX millisecond 效果等同于 PSETEX key millisecond value 。
    
    NX ：只在键不存在时，才对键进行设置操作。 SET key value NX 效果等同于 SETNX key value 。
    
    XX ：只在键已经存在时，才对键进行设置操作。

 

PTTL key

这个命令类似于 TTL 命令，但它以毫秒为单位返回 key 的剩余生存时间，而不是像 TTL 命令那样，以秒为单位。

TTL key

以秒为单位，返回给定 key 的剩余生存时间(TTL, time to live)。

 

RPUSH key value [value ...]

将一个或多个值 value 插入到列表 key 的表尾(最右边)。
如果有多个 value 值，那么各个 value 值按从左到右的顺序依次插入到表尾：
比如对一个空列表 mylist 执行 RPUSH mylist a b c ，得出的结果列表为 a b c ，
等同于执行命令 RPUSH mylist a 、 RPUSH mylist b 、 RPUSH mylist c 。

如果 key 不存在，一个空列表会被创建并执行 RPUSH 操作。
当 key 存在但不是列表类型时，返回一个错误。

返回值：
    执行 RPUSH 操作后，表的长度。

# 添加单个元素

redis> RPUSH languages c
(integer) 1


# 添加重复元素

redis> RPUSH languages c
(integer) 2

redis> LRANGE languages 0 -1 # 列表允许重复元素
1) "c"
2) "c"


# 添加多个元素

redis> RPUSH mylist a b c
(integer) 3

redis> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"

 

INCR 

INCR key

将 key 中储存的数字值增一。

如果 key 不存在，那么 key 的值会先被初始化为 0 ，然后再执行 INCR 操作。

如果值包含错误的类型，或字符串类型的值不能表示为数字，那么返回一个错误。

本操作的值限制在 64 位(bit)有符号数字表示之内。

#

redis> SET page_view 20
OK

redis> INCR page_view
(integer) 21

redis> GET page_view    # 数字值在 Redis 中以字符串的形式保存
"21"

 

INCRBY
INCRBY key increment

将 key 所储存的值加上增量 increment 。

如果 key 不存在，那么 key 的值会先被初始化为 0 ，然后再执行 INCRBY 命令。

如果值包含错误的类型，或字符串类型的值不能表示为数字，那么返回一个错误。

本操作的值限制在 64 位(bit)有符号数字表示之内。
#

# key 存在且是数字值

redis> SET rank 50
OK

redis> INCRBY rank 20
(integer) 70

redis> GET rank
"70"


# key 不存在时

redis> EXISTS counter
(integer) 0

redis> INCRBY counter 30
(integer) 30

redis> GET counter
"30"


# key 不是数字值时

redis> SET book "long long ago..."
OK

redis> INCRBY book 200
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range

 

 

## 持久化
### RDB(快照)
```
# RDB文件名，默认为dump.rdb。
dbfilename dump.rdb

# 文件存放的目录，AOF文件同样存放在此目录下。默认为当前工作目录。
dir ./


```


```
# 格式为：save <seconds> <changes>
# 可以设置多个。
save 900 1 #900秒后至少1个key有变动
save 300 10 #300秒后至少10个key有变动
save 60 10000 #60秒后至少10000个key有变动


# 关闭快照
save ""


# 错误处理
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes


# 数据压缩
rdbcompression yes


# 数据校验
rdbchecksum yes


```


### AOF(追加式)
```
# 文件路径和名称
# 文件存放目录，与RDB共用。默认为当前工作目录。
dir ./


# 数据损坏修复
redis-check-aof --fix
```


```
# 启用AOF
appendonly yes


# 默认文件名为appendonly.aof
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"


# 每当有新命令追加到AOF的时候调用fsync。速度最慢，但是最安全。
# appendfsync always
# 每秒fsync一次。速度快（2.4版本跟快照方式速度差不多），安全性不错（最多丢失1秒的数据）。
appendfsync everysec
# 从不fsync，交由系统去处理。这个方式速度最快，但是安全性一般。
# appendfsync no


# 日志重写
# Redis会记住自从上一次重写后AOF文件的大小（如果自Redis启动后还没重写过，则记住启动时使用的AOF文件的大小）。
# 如果当前的文件大小比起记住的那个大小超过指定的百分比，则会触发重写。
# 同时需要设置一个文件大小最小值，只有大于这个值文件才会重写，以防文件很小，但是已经达到百分比的情况。
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb


# 禁用日志重写
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 0

```

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/qingmingsang/articles/5587533.html