关联容器——c++

关联容器关联容器将值与键关联在一起，并使用键来查找值。关联容器的优点在于，它提供了对元素的快速访问。

1.关联容器允许插入新元素，但不能指定元素插入的位置。
2.关联容器使用某种树实现的。

STL(标准模板库）提供了四种关联容器：set、multiset、map和multimap

一、set关联容器
set关联容器：它是关联集合，可反转，可排序，且键是唯一的，所以不能存储多个相同的值。
demon

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iterator>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	const int N = 6;
	string s1[N] = { "one","two","three","four","five","A" };
	string s2[N] = { "six","seven","eight","nine","ten","A"};

	set<string> A(s1,s1 + N );
	set<string> B(s2,s2 + N );

	ostream_iterator<string,char> out(cout," ");
	cout << "Set A: ";
	copy(A.begin(), A.end(), out);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "Set B: ";
	copy(B.begin(),B.end(),out);
	cout << endl<< endl;

	cout << "合并Union of A and B :\n";
	set_union(A.begin(),A.end(),B.begin(),B.end(),out);//有序合并去重
	cout << endl<< endl;

	cout << "交集Intersection of A and B:\n";
	set_intersection(A.begin(),A.end(),B.begin(),B.end(),out);//A,B交集
	cout << endl<< endl;

	cout << "不同Difference of A and B :\n";
	set_difference(A.begin(),A.end(),B.begin(),B.end(),out);//A相对于B的不同
	cout << endl<< endl;

	set<string> C;
	cout << "Set C:\n";
	set_union(A.begin(),A.end(),B.begin(),B.end(),insert_iterator<set<string> >(C,C.begin()));
	copy(C.begin(),C.end(),out);
	cout<<endl<< endl;

	string s3("grungy");
	C.insert(s3);
	cout << "Set C after insertion:\n";
	copy(C.begin(),C.end(),out);
	cout << endl<< endl;

	cout << "Showing a range:\n";
	copy(C.lower_bound("ghost"),C.upper_bound("spook"),out);//返回不小于ghost和不大于spook的元素
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}

运行结果：

二、multimap关联容器
multimap关联容器：可反转、经过排序的关联容器，键和值的类型不同，且一个键可能与多个值相关联。

demon

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<algorithm>

typedef int KeyType;
typedef std::pair<const KeyType,std::string> Pair;
typedef std::multimap<KeyType,std::string> MapCode;

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	MapCode codes;

	codes.insert(Pair(416,"San Francisco"));
	codes.insert(Pair(510,"Oakland"));
	codes.insert(Pair(718,"Brooklyn"));
	codes.insert(Pair(718,"Staten Island"));
	codes.insert(Pair(415,"San Rafael"));
	codes.insert(Pair(510,"Berkeley"));

	cout << "Number of cities with area code 415: "
		 << codes.count(415) << endl;           //统计键值为415的数量

	cout << "Number of cities with area code 718: "
		 << codes.count(718) << endl;

	cout << "Number of cities with area code 510: "
		 << codes.count(510) << endl;

	cout << "Area Code City\n";

	MapCode::iterator it;
	for(it = codes.begin(); it != codes.end();++it)
		cout << " " << (*it).first << " " << (*it).second << endl;

	pair<MapCode::iterator,MapCode::iterator> range = codes.equal_range(718);//返回键值为718的到range

	cout << "Cities with area code 718:\n";
	for(it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it)
		cout << (*it).second << endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果：